UXD / IXD #1 – DesignThinking & Ideation In Smart Mobile we work with these leaflets that each present a special topic that fits in a master working process called ‘designthinking’. Important Warning: Dealing with uncertainty required An important part of product, service, application and brand development is design. Whether this applies to cars, games, apps, phones, applications, interfaces and what have you. All succesfull brands incorporate some form of design, designthinking and ideation. What is design? And what is designthinking? What is ideation? That is what this leaflet is about. This is the heart of your User Experience Design (UXD) course for Mobile. Smart Mobile says: Adopt another way of looking at -and of interacting with the man-made world, man’s products, services, brands and applications. By doing so adopt another way of looking at design and how it is made. Design is more than skindeep. Smart Mobile doctrine: We think of Design as a natural activity! From the outset , around ten years ago, the ‘founding fathers’ of Smart Mobile put User Experience at the heart of it. Meaning that ‘by Design’ we make technology serve people and not the other way around. This also implies that we value design as more fundamental and essential than technology as such. First a plan, ideas, a concept, and only then the accompanying and enabling technology. User Experience Design and Interaction Design have been a deliberate integral part of Smart Mobile not for nothing. We don’t believe in technocracy. Which does not mean we do not believe in technology! We do. But Smart Mobile and Design is about respect for and emphathy with people and society first. Besides if brands, products, services, applications do not put people’s needs, limitations, wishes and such at the core of their brand and product development they can and will not be succesful as these people are their customers. So, like when building a house, first we need a concept and a design. An intelligent plan. These plans evolve. For that you need a design way of working and a design philosophy. An understanding of people’s needs, wishes , aspirations, limitations etcetera; in other words knowledge and understanding about human psychology as a species and as individuals. Apple - Design Thinking – Think different – Mohammed Ali 1942 – 2016 (boxing champion) Free Design methods, platforms and websites: Besides the info on this leaflet these below methods and platforms provide general information and hands on methods to work on your project’s design. Explore yourself and/or consult your teacher. (you will find these on every leaflet we will use) -Design Method Toolkit https://toolkits.dss.cloud/design/ (Browse to find your topic / see leaflet on DMT cards and-or ask your teacher) -DOT framework / CMD method https://www.cmdmethods.nl/ http://ictresearchmethods.nl/Methods -IDEO Designkit https://www.designkit.org/methods -Google Material Design https://design.google/resources/ Free background information online Among others we use these websites for background information www.Interaction-design.org http://www.uxplanet.org http://www.uxknowledgebase.com www.toptal.com www.pinterest.com https://thinkjarcollective.com/ Purpose and take-away: Questions involved You should be able to answer the following questions: -What is design? -What is design not? -What is DesignThinking? -What is the process of design thinking? -What are the basic concepts in this process? -What activity goes with what part / phase of the designthinking process? -Am I able to structure and develop my project along these lines without a teacher? -What phases of the designthinking process are there and with what knowledge and activity are they fullfilled? -What is ideation? -What is the purpose of ideation? -What is the role of ideation in Design thinking? -Can you define creativity? -What is the essence of creativity? -What is an iterative way of working? -What is the role of designthinking and ideation in succesful companies? -Why is creativity important for society and economy? -Is creativity solely an artistic endeavour? -What is brainstorming? What are its principles? -How many brainstorming methods are there? What do they have in common? -Can i make up my own methods? -What is meant by quality through quantity? -Is a method doing the work for you? -Is the method creative itself? Can it be? -In what phase of design and development is ideation and brainstorming of value? -What is a iteration? What is iterative way of working? -Is ideation and creativity only for developing concepts? -Can i be creative and innovative on UI level as well? -What is mindmapping? -What methods are there for ideation , concepting and brainstorming? -Under what circumstances can they be succesful? -What are the conditions for ideation to be succesful? -What is considered a non-linear process? -What is divergent thinking? -What is convergent thinking? -What is the (double) diamond of creative processes? -Am I able to set up a fruitful brainstorm sessions? -Is brainstorming best done with a group or individually? -What tools can i use? -What is more important the method or the attitude? -What is more important; talent or method? Use this leaflet to fullfil Concrete UX Learning goals. In short: Problem definition/concepting: You show you can convert a problem or opportunity into multiple smart mobile concepts based on thorough analysis and creativity. Mobile User Experience / Interaction Design: You translate concepts into user friendly designs and validate these designs through user tested iterations. Professional Skills: You demonstrate your professional development as a mobile developer in the form of authentic, professional IT tasks in which both the process and the result are visible. More elaborate description: Problem Definition / Concept You show you can convert a problem or opportunity into multiple smart mobile concepts based on thorough analysis. -Analysis: You use common research methods to analyse a problem, trends in the market and relevant stakeholder interests. -Convert: Generate ideas using ideation methods and crystallize them into appealing and engaging mobile challenges and solutions (products, services, applications etc). -Mobile Concepts: A crystallized idea based on a problem description with a distinguishable research component. Mobile User Experience / Interaction Design You translate concepts into user friendly designs and validate these designs through user tested iterations. -Translate: Using design theory and methodology, you are capable of designing engaging solutions, -User friendly: The designs meets usability and UCD (User Centered Design) quality standards. -Designs: Products that ‘describe’ and ‘show’ the problem, the target audience, the interaction narrative and the user interface. Topics in this leaflet Since this is the mother of all leaflets you will encounter, here is an overview of topics and the order of appearance. 1. Designthinking / Design; Thoughts on Design. 2. Design (Thinking) – Thoughts on Creativity! 3. Design (Thinking) – 5 Steps 4. Design Thinking – Articles and videos: Introduction and methodology 5. Designthinking & Ideation – Articles and videos: 6. Design Thinking – Introduction by illustrations. 7. Design Thinking – Human Centered Design illustration. 8. DesignProcess: Revolution & Evolution. Thoughts on Design. 9. Designthinking & Ideation – Brainstorming Principles and Methods. 10. Designthinking & Ideation – Last but not least; Concept Validation. There is no page numbering deliberately. This is not a document. 1. Designthinking. What is Design? What is Design not? A couple of statements Design = a product Design = a service Design = an idea Design = a process Design = a plan / having a plan Design = a concept Design = organisation Design = science and artistry combined Design = proposing more alternatives Design = a natural (intelligent) activity Design = simplicity = solved complexity Design = structure Design = creating order and meaning out of chaos Design = a natural activity. Design of functional tools. Design is developing a plan(s) or model(s) as part of the process of making something in the most intelligent way possible. As products, services, applications and brands are used by people, design incorporates people’s needs , desires, limitations, possibilities, wishes and so forth. In short the design / plan takes into account functional but also emotional and psychological circumstances of individuals and mankind at large. Next of course to the means of technology (production and distribution of the design) and means of marketing and business, these ‘human factors’ are of utmost importance for the product’s success in society and economy. Design is not: Design when done right is not just pouring some trendy sauce over a product or service. It is also not about eliteness or elite products. Next; Good design is more than skindeep. It is not about adding flashyness, trendyness or slickyness to what ever you are making and developing. It should not be superficial but intelligent. It is not to be confused or equated with styling! It is about how things work, how things are structured and therefore how form is shaped by the designer based on that. Yes there is the element of esthetics (beauty) in design but beauty is also more than just skindeep even at the User Interface level . The surface of design is an outcome of the plan that is underneath. Bill Moggridge – Founder of IDEO, Coined the term ‘Interaction Design’. Design terminology in Smart Mobile – Design principles and methods overview Design - Ways of working (how to get to a design): 1. DT = Design Thinking (DT is not a generally used abbreviation) 2. HCD = Human Centered Design 3. UCD = User Centered Design Design - Ways of working and design disciplines: 4. UXD = User Experience Design 5. IXD = Interaction Design 6. BD = Behavioral Design (BD is not a generally used abbreviation) -The first three constitute design processes (how to make / do design) -The fourth and the fifth are design disciplines and deliverables -The sixth is psychology and theory of human goals, motivations and behavior. Today behavioral sciences influences aspects of society; behavioral economics for instance. And also behavioral design. A striking example is the design of social media. Basically they all (apart form behavioral design) have the same principles as approach to design for people (and technology and business) is concerned. They all offer more or less structured processes of making the design so it suits people, business and technology. Besides they all have a form of creativity at their heart. 2. Design (Thinking) – Introduction Thoughts on Creativity! Creatvity plays out on every level of design(thinking) and engineering. From idea and concept to shape and appearence. From function to form. They all encompass creative activity. What do we mean by creativity? Smart Mobile says: Creativity is genius. Creativity is also a way of life. If you are not a genius or only partly a genius, (applied) creativity is also a methodology and a way of working. A process. A method. A structure. A plan. Mastering the process of designthinking and ideation is what you should achieve. This is what you will be judged on. Please note that creativity is not artistic creativity only or perse. It is about problemsolving, seeing new possibilities, new concepts, other ways of understanding etcetera. Not the ability to draw interesting pictures. Note: Everybody is creative. Leonardo DaVinci (1452 – 1519) The epitome of the curious and creative genius Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955) Physicist Other Quotes by Einstein that encompass creativity and innovativeness 1. ‘Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will get you anywhere.’ 2. ‘You cannot solve the problems of tomorrow using the methods and frame of mind of today or yesterday’ 3. ‘I am not particularly intelligent or creative. I am only wildly curious.’ Edward de Bono (1933) – Psychologist. we are creatures of thought patterns – people, society economy are full of thought patterns. Creativity involves breaking out of the established patterns. Think different. John Updike (1932 - 2009) - Writer. An Important quote: Creativity is merely a plus name for regular activity. Any activity becomes creative when the do-er cares about doing it right, or better. In other words: creativity involves effort and urgency. Thomas Edison - inventor (1847- 1931) This is a famous quote. Besides creative genius, design is hard work. Henry Ford (1847- 1931) and his famous quote on innovation. 3. Design Thinking – Introduction, methodology and examples. Read at least the first 2 of the following articles 1 https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/design-thinking 2 https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/design-thinking-aquick-overview 3 https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/design-thinking-get-aquick-overview-of-the-history Design Thinking – The three main factors involved and the ‘sweetspot’ of design and designthinking Design of Apple car – solved complexity Video - designthinking at Apple: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ir3E-TEUk48&t=82s 4. Design Thinking – 5 Steps 1 https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/stage-1-in-the-designthinking-process-empathise-with-your-users 2 https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/stage-2-in-the-designthinking-process-define-the-problem-and-interpret-the-results 3 https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/stage-3-in-the-designthinking-process-ideate 4 https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/stage-4-in-the-designthinking-process-prototype 5 https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/stage-5-in-the-designthinking-process-test 5. Designthinking & IDEATION – Introduction, methodology and examples Read at least 4 of the following articles: 1 https://www.interactiondesign.org/literature/topics/ideation#:~:text=Ideation%20is%20a%20creative %20process,facilitated%2C%20judgment%2Dfree%20environment. 2 https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/what-is-ideation-andhow-to-prepare-for-ideation-sessions 3 https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/three-ideationmethods-to-enhance-your-innovative-thinking 4 https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/ideation-for-designpreparing-for-the-design-race 5 https://uxdesign.cc/how-google-approaches-the-process-of-ideationf2fc00091f32 6 https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/how-to-select-the-bestidea-by-the-end-of-an-ideation-session 7 https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/design-for-the-futurebut-balance-it-with-your-users-present 6. Design Thinking – Introduction and illustration 1 Try to see the similarity and overlap in the different proposed schematics. We deliberately gathered a lot of illustrations / schemes; and there is a lot more out there. We want you to be able to look through the apparant /superficial diffferences to see the essence and communality behind them. Several schematics explaining and portraying Design Thinking and it’s tenets. They might differ somewhat but basically they all state the same. Important is to discern and understand the phases of the process, the divergent and convergent dynamic and the iterative and non-linear way of working. Every schematic emphasizes different aspects sometimes with different names for the distincitve phases; together they complete the picture. Designthinking – working iteratively and in a non-linear fashion – study this schematic Designthinking – working iteratively and in a non-linear fashion – study this schematic. Note that the schematic shows one iteration while a project goes through several of these iterations. Design Thinking – Introduction and illustration 2 Try to see the similarity and overlap in the different proposed schematics. Several schematics explaining and portraying Design Thinking and it’s tenets. They might differ somewhat but basically they all state the same. Important is to discern and understand the phases of the process, the divergent and convergent dynamic and the iterative and non-linear way of working. Every schematic emphasizes different aspects sometimes with different names for the distincitve phases; together they complete the picture. Designthinking – working iteratively and in a non-linear fashion Designthinking – 5 phases (with other names than in the previous illustrations; check the similarity) and the corresponding process of (the oscillation of) ‘diverging’ and ‘converging’. Together with a iterative and non-linear way of working this is essential. – study this schematic Designthinking – double diamond model with four phases – ‘divergent’ and ‘convergent’ process. Design Thinking – Introduction and illustration 3 Try to see the similarity and overlap in the different proposed schematics. Several schematics explaining and portraying Design Thinking and it’s tenets. They might differ somewhat but basically they all state the same. Important is to discern and understand the phases of the process, the divergent and convergent dynamic and the iterative and non-linear way of working. Every schematic emphasizes different aspects sometimes with different names for the distincitve phases; together they complete the picture. Designthinking – today’s chaos is tomorrow’s next new order – Note: creativity and ideation is also about dealing with exploration and with the adventure of it or uncertainty of it. A very rough but also essential picture of a design / creative process. What is divergent and what is convergent? Designthinking – working iteratively and in a non-linear fashion. Empathy is? Divergent (thinking) is? Convergent (thinking) is? Iterative way of working is? Non-linear way of working is? Look up essential words if you don’t know their meaning Design Thinking – Human Centered Design illustration 4 Try to see the similarity and overlap in the different proposed schematics. Several schematics explaining and portraying Design Thinking and it’s tenets. They might differ somewhat but basically they all state the same. Important is to discern and understand the phases of the process, the divergent and convergent dynamic and the iterative and non-linear way of working. Every schematic emphasizes different aspects sometimes with different names for the distincitve phases; together they complete the picture. Designthinking / Human Centerd Design process – Split into 3 phases and illustrating the corresponding (the oscillation of) diverging and converging dynamic. Note the different activities on the horizontal axis. Designthinking / Human Centered Design – working iteratively and in a non-linear fashion. Designthinking / Human Dentered Design – start with the human factor and what is desirble and valuable to humasn, persons, people before you think of anything else 7. Designthinking and ideation - Process: Revolution. & Evolution. Thoughts on design. Products, services, applications can have revolutionary ideas at their core but before they are mature they need to evolve. They don’t appear on the market by falling from the sky. The design process is iterative. An iteration in the design process is in a way like a generation in biological evolution. What you see on the market is a product of a process of creativity, science, method, creativity, blood sweat and tears in which a lot of ideas and work, and alternative proposals and designs have gone overboard to reach for the final product that goes to market. Herbert Simon – 1916 -2001 – Psychlogist and Sociologist – One of the founding fathers of the field of Artificial Intelligence and of Designthinking. https://thinkjarcollective.com/ IDEO Design - Concepts for self driving cars and the future of mobility – a big idea with a lot of sub-ideas and solutions (by IDEO) click for more examples of their future of mobility study. https://www.ideo.com/post/future-of-automobility (take a look) Buckminster Fuller (1895 – 1983) Architect / futurologist / designer. He envisioned mew ways of living and working. He is most famous for the Bucky Ball (which is a molecular structure) and his geodesic-domes which he saw as an important new way of constructing and achitecture. Buckminster Fuller – Design is a plan and design is producing alternatives, different proposals and solutions - variety and explorations are key. Buckminster Fuller – Dymaxion Car (1933!) A concept / prototpye for a car – Design as concept and Design as productdevelopment. 8. Designthinking and ideation - Process: Revolution. & Evolution. Thoughts on design. Products, services, applications can have revolutionary ideas at the core but before they are mature they need to evolve. They don’t appear on the market by falling from the sky. The design process is iterative. An iteration in the design process is in a way like a generation in biological evolution. What you see on the market is a product of a process of creativity, science, method, creativity, blood sweat and tears in which a lot of ideas and work, and alternative proposals and designs have gone overboard to reach for the final product that goes to market. Nautilus Shell. Life will find a way. Like design Nature has a plan. It evolved. While nature produces generations to realize or that result in evolution. Design produces iterations to realize the evolution of design / the design. Birdplan / bird skeleton. Life will find a way. Like design, nature has a plan. It evolved. While nature produces generations to realize that result in or through evolution, design produces iterations to realize (the evolution of) design. Also note that the world sets an enormous amount of limitations and problemstatements to be solved and for nature to be creative within those boundaries. Design = ‘solved complexity’ does not imply that a level of complexity still remains. Orson Welles – Movie Director (1915 – 1985) 9. Designthinking and Ideation – Brainstorming Principles and Methods Design Method Toolkit Designmethod Toolkit - A Brainstorming method for Designthinking / User centered Design. https://toolkits.dss.cloud/design/ The toolkit contains methods for a complete designthnking process but For brainstorming and ideation the following apply.: ‘Research cards’ for brainstorming / Ideation Research collage / Literature review / Cognitive map / Future workshop Boundary Shifting ‘Create cards’ for brainstorming / ideation Sensorial / Brain writing / The KJ method / Moodboard / Lotus Blossom Vip Design / Collage / Mind map / Problem tree 9. Designthinking and Ideation – Brainstorming Principles and Methods IDEO - Designkit Designkit by leading design firm IDEO - A method for Designthinking / Human centered Design. Icluding brainstorming and ideation. https://www.designkit.org/methods Videos: Tim Brown of IDEO – IDEO is a leading designfirm that was constituted on Interaction Design. It developed in a global design firm that Specialises in not only IXD but Design Thinking. Watch a least number 1. 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAinLaT42xY&t=1s Tim Brown of famous and leading Design firm IDEO – Urges people to think big 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjwUn-aA0VY Tim Brown of famous and leading Design firm IDEO - Tales of creativity and play 3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjwUn-aA0VY Tim Brown of famous and leading Design firm IDEO – Talks at Google on Design principles to solve major problems. 9. Designthinking and Ideation – Brainstorming Principles and Methods BRAINSTORMING How to set up, engage in and conclude braimstorming sessions? Brainstroming is not just throwing some thoughts on the table. It should be done with a specific goal(s) in minds and it has to be prepared and set up right for actual result. In this setting up the framing o the problem, the goal of the session, but also limitations and constraints play a vital role. Only within limitations you have to be creative. 1 https://www.interactiondesign.org/literature/topics/brainstorming#:~:text=Brainstorming%20is%20a %20method%20design,them%20to%20find%20potential%20solutions. 2 https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/learn-how-to-use-thebest-ideation-methods-brainstorming-braindumping-brainwriting-andbrainwalking? 3 https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/stage-3-in-the-designthinking-process-ideate ‘Today’s chaos is tomorrow’s next new order’ (and vice versa) 4 https://www.brandquarterly.com/conducting-rapid-ideation-workshop-10questions-ask-get-started Bill Buxton (1949) First generation UX Designer Bill Buxton: ‘Ideation and Brainstorming is like mining. You have to move a lot of rock and dirt for just one or two nuggets of gold’ Bill Buxton - Difference between a linear and a non-linear process – What you see in shops and on the market is the final result. What you don’t see is the generated alternatives and the iterations that makes the desing arrive at it’s final destination. You don’t see in the final result the paths that have been abandoned; that turned out not to be the optimal path. Apology for the weak quality of the image; the essence however stands Game controller ‘study’ – What you see in shops and on the market is the final result. What you don’t see is the generated alternatives and the iterations that makes the design arrive at it’s final destination and to the market. 9. Designthinking and Ideation – Brainstorming Principles and Methods Edward de Bono’s special brainstorming and ideation method of 6 thinking perspectives (6 thinking hats) 1 https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/try-different-roles-tosolve-your-problems-edward-de-bono-s-six-thinking-hats 2 https://www.oventhal.com/blog/2019/5/20/dr-edward-de-bono Looking at it superficially the De Bono method might look a bit childish. Yet it is a proven method and when done right it has proven to be very powerful. Each perspective of the six is a mode of thinking that can be applied to a creative process and-or project as to improve on it by looking at it from different angles and with differnet attitudes. Edward de Bono (1933) 10. Designthinking and Ideation – Concept Validation Read / study at least the first article / presentation. Last but not least. Below links help you to frame our project / concept more critically. 1 https://www.viima.com/blog/idea-validation 2https://info.boardofinnovation.com/hubfs/Validation%20Guide%20compress ed.pdf Unconventional thought – breaking out of existing pattterns - would this be a viable concept / solution? Unconventional thought – breaking out of existing pattterns - would this be a viable concept / solution? Unconventional thought – breaking out of existing pattterns - would this be a viable concept / solution?
