LINKING WORDS
Rewrite the sentences using the linking word in brackets. Make the necessary changes:
1. I’ve phoned John this morning. John wasn’t in (BUT).
2. It snowed heavily last night. Schools were closed (BECAUSE OF).
3. Nobody told me about Jane’s divorce. I thought I was her best friend (ALTHOUGH).
4. We advised Tom to give up taking drugs. He didn’t listen to us (DESPITE).
5. I gave Sue my phone number. She could text me (SO THAT).
6. The students bought different books. The teacher forgot to recommend the students the
book they had to read (SO).
7. I may get the birthday cake alter lunch. Can you give me some money, mum? (IN CASE).
8. He proposed to meet me at the pub. They could go to the new French restaurant (TO).
9. Peter didn’t pass his driving test. He had tried four times (DESPITE).
10. I made a note of it. I didn’t want to forget my appointment with Dr Smith (NOT TO).
11. I forgot my appointment. I had made a note of it (NEVERTHELESS).
12. Paul didn’t get the job. He didn’t have any experience (OWING TO).
13. Carol is fed up with her job. She’s applied for a new job (BECAUSE).
14. Banks aren’t suffering the consequences. They have mainly caused the worldwide economic
crisis (HOWEVER).
15. Pam is keen on chess. Her brother hates chess (WHEREAS).
16. We got soaked through. We had forgotten the umbrella at school (AS).
17. You should phone your mother if you don’t want her to get worried (UNLESS).
17. The organisers had sold most of the tickets. The singer put off the concert (IN SPITE OF).
18. Patrick gave her a nice birthday present. He also invited Tina to a romantic dinner
(BESIDES).
19. Susan wanted to thank her friends. She had a party last Saturday (SO AS TO).
20. The road was icy. There were several accidents (DUE TO).
21. I’ll prepare a big cheesecake. My parents may come for tea (IN CASE).
22. The milk has gone off. We have to buy some (BECAUSE).
23. She always lied. Nobody believed what Linda said (AS A RESULT).
Fill in the gaps with one of the linking words from the box. Some can be repeated.
Neither…nor
As
So that
Nonetheless
Whereas
As long as
Since
Unless
Besides
Even if
Although
In order to
Therefore
Because
Despite
Because of
Both…and
if
In case
Due to
Not only…but also
1- She does her best at work, _________ most of her workmates are very lazy.
2- ______ her salary was so high, she bought a new car every year.
3- _____ does telework increase productivity, ____ it ____ cuts the costs of commuting every day.
4- _____ the position you applied for has been filled, we are going to keep your CV for future
reference.
5- Some professionals post their work on the Net, _____ people all over the world can have
access to it.
6- _____ I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t invest in this country now.
7- _____ she starts coming on time, she will be fired.
8- She wanted to apply for a job in Australia, _____ she studied English hard.
9- _____ he was very tired, he stayed in his office till late to finish his work.
10- Applicants for this job should speak at least two other European languages _____ German.
11- She refused the job _____ the payment wasn´t satisfactory.
12- She arrives early every day, ____ help her coworkers.
13- _____ being late, he was able to finish his work in time.
14- _____ the rise of unemployment, families have worse living conditions.
15- Some employers believe in incentive schemes, _____ they want their employees to be more
productive.
16- Our company is doing well. _____ we aren´t going to expand, _____ the economic crisis we are
facing.
17- Taxes have gone up every year, _____ our salaries have gone down.
18- _____ our company is expanding we have to hire more workers.
19- We are interested ______ in costs _____ in the competition.
20- You can have a day off, _____ you finish all the work you have to do this week.
21- _____ Michael arrives late for a meeting, his boss will be angry.
22- Take my car to work, _____ there is a strike on public transport.
23- He _____ studies _____ looks for a job. He wants to go on living on his parents’ expenses
Rewrite the sentences using the linking word in brackets. Make the necessary changes:
1. Mark is learning German. He wants to apply for a job in Germany (in order to).
2. The football match was cancelled. One of the goalkeepers was ill (due to).
3. The guests ate all the food. Mary doesn’t cook very well (although).
4. My car has just broken down. I’ll have to buy a new one (since).
5. Paula didn’t get the job. She had the right qualifications (in spite of).
6. My father’s health has improved a lot. He gave up smoking two months ago (as a result).
7. Sally won’t come to the party. You don’t invite her (unless).
8. My mother does the cooking and the housework. She looks after my grandparents (besides).
9. Carol failed her exam. She didn’t study hard (so).
10. Do your homework or you’ll be punished (if).
11. He couldn’t catch the bus. Pat was late for the conference (because).
12. My brother speaks English fluently. He’s studying French now (moreover).
13. He forgot our date. Paul had to work late yesterday (as).
14. Bob promised to send me an email. He might not come to the pub (in case).
15. He went to the office. Andy felt ill (however).
16. The police officer stopped Randy at the airport. His passport wasn’t up-to-date (so)
17. Pass me the pen, please. I want to sign the petition (to).
18. There was a serious misunderstanding. Mary and Tim split up (owing to).
ANSWERS
1. I’ve phoned John this morning, BUT he wasn’t in.
2. Schools were closed BECAUSE OF the heavy snow last night.
3. Nobody told me about Jane’s divorce ALTHOUGH I thought I was her best friend / ALTHOUGH I thought
I was Jane’s best friend, nobody told me about her divorce.
4. DESPITE advising Tom to give up taking drugs, he didn’t listen to us/ Tom didn’t listen to us DESPITE
advising him to give up drugs.
5. I gave Sue my phone number SO THAT he could text me.
6. The teacher forgot to recommend the students the book they had to read, SO the students bought
different books.
7. Can you give me some money, mum IN CASE I get the birthday cake alter lunch?
8. He proposed to meet me at the pub TO go to the new French restaurant.
9. Peter didn’t pass his driving test DESPITE having tried four times/ DESPITE having tried four times, Peter
didn’t pass his driving test.
10. I made a note of my appointment with Dr Smith NOT TO forget it.
11. I had made a note of my appointment. NEVERTHELESS, I forgot it.
12. Paul didn’t get the job OWING TO his lack of experience.
13. Carol has applied for a new job BECAUSE she is fed up with her job.
14. Banks have mainly caused the worldwide economic crisis. HOWEVER, they aren’t suffering the
consequences.
15. Pam is keen on chess WHEREAS her brother hates it.
16. We got soaked through AS we had forgotten the umbrella at school / AS we had forgotten the umbrella
at school, we got soaked through.
17. You should phone your mother UNLESS you want her to get worried.
17. IN SPITE OF the organisers having sold most of the tickets, the singer put off the concert / The singer put
of the concert IN SPITE OF the organisers having sold most of the tickets.
18. Patrick gave Tina a nice birthday present. BESIDES, he invited her to a romantic dinner.
19. Susan had a party last Saturday SO AS TO thank her friends.
20. There were several accidents DUE TO the icy road/ DUE TO the icy road, there were several accidents.
21. I’ll prepare a big cheesecake IN CASE my parents come for tea.
22. We have to buy some milk BECAUSE it has gone off.
23. Linda always lied. AS A RESULT, nobody believed what she said.
Fill in the gaps with one of the linking words on the right. Some can be repeated.
1- She does her best at work, whereas most of her workmates are very lazy.
2- As/since her salary was so high, she bought a new car every year.
3- Not only does telework increase productivity, but it also cuts the costs of commuting every
day.
4- Although the position you applied for has been filled, we are going to keep your CV for
future reference.
5- Some professionals post their work on the Net, so that people all over the world can have
access to it.
6- Even if I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t invest in this country now.
7- Unless she starts coming on time, she will be fired.
8- She wanted to apply for a job in Australia, therefore she studied English hard.
9- Although he was very tired, he stayed in his office till late to finish his work.
10- Applicants for this job should speak at least two other European languages besides German.
11- She refused the job as/since the payment wasn´t satisfactory.
12- She arrives early every day, in order to help her coworkers.
13- Despite being late, he was able to finish his work in time.
14- Due to the rise of unemployment, families have worse living conditions.
15- Some employers believe in incentive schemes, because they want their employees to be more
productive.
16- Our company is doing well. Nonetheless we aren´t going to expand, because of the economic
crisis we are facing.
17- Taxes have gone up every year, whereas our salaries have gone down.
18- Since/as our company is expanding we have to hire more workers.
19- We are interested both in costs and in the competition.
20- You can have a day off, as long as you finish all the work you have to do this week.
21- If Michael arrives late for a meeting, his boss will be angry.
22- Take my car to work, in case there is a strike on public transport.
23- He neither studies nor looks for a job. He wants to go on living on his parents’ expenses.
Rewrite the sentences using the linking word in brackets. Make the necessary changes:
1. Mark is learning German in order to apply for a job in Germany
2. The football match was cancelled due to one of the goalkeepers’ illness
3. The guests ate all the food although Mary doesn’t cook very well.
4. Since my car has just broken down. I’ll have to buy a new one / I’ll have to buy a new car since it has
just broken down.
5. Paula didn’t get the job in spite of having the right qualifications.
6. My father’s health has improved a lot. He gave up smoking two months ago (as a result).
My father gave up smoking two months ago. As a result, his health has improved a lot.
7. Sally won’t come to the party unless you invite her
8. My mother does the cooking and the housework. Besides, she looks after my grandparents
9. Carol failed her exam. She didn’t study hard
Carol didn’t study hard, so she failed her exam.
10. If you don’t do your homework, you’ll be punished.
11. Pat was late for the conference because he couldn’t catch the bus.
12. My brother speaks English fluently. Moreover, He’s studying French now
13. Paul forgot our date as he had to work late yesterday
As Paul had to work late yesterday, he forgot our date.
14. Bob promised to send me an email in case he didn’t come to the pub
15. Andy felt ill. However, he went to the office.
16. Randy’s passport wasn’t up-to-date, so the police officer stopped him at the airport.
17. Pass me the pen to sign the petition, please.
18. Owing to a serious misunderstanding, Mary and Tim split up/ Mary and Tim split up owing to a
serious misunderstanding.
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