Protección de componentes en una Plataforma para la

!"#$%##'&()*#+"#'#$#
,*-
./10#23
453)*6#
78:9<;>=@?BADCFE<GH=@I@IJ?'K'LF?CNM.O'P@QSR,CN9HT:P@CUKRVO'=JI@IW8:9<XB?ZY[C\*CF9H9<?Z]^LF?>CFQS_`?F9H9H8aI@I
bc%d<e6fhgai jNkmlonpkrqrc%sWnutvgmcwutxykHz|{osJ}t(~npvn:gmcwpc€U>{o}v‚mkHnp~6t(~np{okm€
jN€@~{owutƒ
„~kmnp~%t…†‚md‡csJnp{osgai jNkmlonpkrqrc%sWnpc€ˆ‰jNƒ…Hj>Š
‹kmn ŒrcsW€@n e@teUŽ‚HeJokm{o}tvgmc)t(sW~cwp{rkmtH‘“’o”H•%–o—H‘“>cwpwuteJcsJsJt
˜ …mt(€JeJnpwuwp{m‘m™†š't(sJ~nutH‘aš'›t%Œot(sWsW{h‘“™r>{osWsJcwpw|œ(U~~g:f ‚ht(ž:f c€
Ÿ¡ ¢H£¤Z ¥
¦“§.¨a©§(ª«§¬‡­%®§¬§(ª¯­§®†©«­°u±(²a³µ´²a¬¶±(´H¬†·¯²:¬h­´¸“§
¹§º
±o®†¬:»uª«¹´Hª3¸“§"±(´<¬h­«©´H³.¸“§"®<±(±(§ª«´¼¨®†©%®³|®½¨“©´<­§(±6º
±(»u¾H¬¿¸a§½±(´H¹¨´<¬:§(¬h­§ª"¸a§½²:¬:®D¨:³µ®†­%®rÀÁ´†©¹½®Â¨“©§º
§¬‡­» ®Ä§¬Â³µ®ÆÅh²a§®<±­²:®<³u¹§(¬h­§§(ª¯­%®<¹´<ª­«©%®†Ç®rº
·«Ã ®†¬¸“´aà È
É.ª¯­´HªÊ¹§(±o®<¬a»uª«¹´HªÊ¸a§Æ±´H¬h­«©´H³¸a§¼®†±(±(§º
ª«´Ëª«²a¨´H¬a§(¬Ì²:¬®¼Ç®r©«©§©%®ËÅh²a§»u¹¨a»|¸“§®`²:¬Ì¨´<º
ª«»uÇ:³u§¼®r­%®<±o®†¬h­§Æ±(´<¬:ª«§(Í<²:»p©Ê²:¬:®D¨´<ª«»µ±»µ¾<¬¿¨a©» à »u³µ§6º
ÍH»µ®<¸:®¿¸“§(¬h­«©´V¸a§³ª«»µª¯­§¹½®“Î'±´H¬Ï§(³v´<Ǔ·¯§6­» à ´¿¸a§
¸a§ª®<±­» ®†©¼ª«²:ªÆ±(´<¹¨´H¬:§¬h­§(ª½´V¹½®<¬a»µ¨a²:³µ®†©Æª«²aª
§(³u§(¹§(¬h­Ã ´<ª¸“§3À‰´<©¹½®Ä¸“§(ª«Ða´H¬:§ª¯­%®“È
ÑFÒÔÓ ¥>Õ<Öm×.ØU£UٓٓÚJÛN¥
Ü ´<ª[®r­%®HÅh²:§(ªË±(´H¬h­«©%®©§o¸“§(ªÂ»u¬aÀ‰´<©¹½Ý†­»u±o®†ª[®<±(´<ª¯º
­²:¹"Ça©%®†¬S®Þǧ(¬:§6ß±(»µ®†©ª«§¸a§(³½²:ª«´4¸a§5­à±(¬:»u±o®†ª
±(´h´<©%¸“»u¬®<¸:®<ªDáZ¸a»uª¯­«©»uÇ:²a»µ¸:®†ª(Î)ᇮ,Åh²:§¡´<À|©§(±(§â³µ®
¨´Hª«»uÇa»µ³u»µ¸:®<¸Ì¸“§Ê§@·@§(±(²“­%®†©¶­%®r©§o®<ª¶¹½Ý†ª3±(´<¹¨:³u§@·¯®<ª(Î
±(´<¹´Ì¨:²a§o¸a§`ª«§©Æ³µ®[©§o®<³u»uão®<±»µ¾H¬Z¸a§Ë®r­%®HÅh²:§(ª½¸a§
¸a§¬:§(ÍH®<±(»u¾H¬D¸“§vª«§© »µ±»µ´Ä¸a»uª¯­«©»uÇ:²a»µ¸a´Hª´"³µ®"§ä“¨:³u´<º
©%®<±»µ¾<¬Â¸“§3¨:²:§6©«­´Hª)à ±(´h´†©%¸a»u¬®<¸a´Hªå æ†çWÈ
É
ª¯­%®†ª­à(±¬:»u±o®†ª"ª«´H¬Ì­%®<¹"Ç:»uà(¬Ì¸a§²“­»µ³u»µ¸:®<¸â¨:®†º
©%®3¸a»pß±²:³p­%®†©
ª«²¸“§­§(±±(»u¾H¬NÎH¨´<©
³u´Åh²a§)®v¹§¬‡²¸a´
¸a»u±%Ð:´<ª®†­%®<Ň²a§(ª>¬a´¨´‡¸‡©%Ý<¬ª«§©.¸“§­§(±­%®<¸a´<ª±´H¬:ª«»pº
¸a§6©%®<¬¸“´v§6äa±³µ²aª«» à ®<¹§(¬h­§U³µ®»u¬aÀ‰´<©¹½®<±»µ¾<¬®†»uª«³|®<¸:®
¸a§3±o®<¸:®Ê²a¬:´Ä¸a§3³u´Hª¬a´‡¸a´<ª¸“§(³*ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®“È
è §½¹´‡¸“´Ëª«»u¹»u³µ®†©oÎ>§(³U²:ª«´Â¸“§­à(±(¬a»u±o®<ªÊ¸a»uª¯­«©»pº
Ç:²a»µ¸:®<ªÆª«´H¬­%®†¹ÊÇa»µà¬Ç§¬:§ß:±(»u´Hª®<ª`¨:®†©%®V³µ®V»µ¹Äº
¨:³u§(¹§¬h­%®<±(»u¾H¬[¸a§Êª«»uª¯­§(¹½®<ª¶¨:®†©%®¼³µ®`¸“§­§(±(±»µ¾<¬[á
©§o®†±(±(»u¾H¬â®<¬h­§Ä®†­%®<Ň²a§(ª¶±´H¬h­«©%®Æ©§(¸a§(ª¶»u¬“ÀÁ´<©¹½Ýr­»pº
±o®†ª(È Ü ®"¸a»uª¯­«©»uÇ:²a±(»u¾H¬¼¸a§³µ´<ª±(´<¹¨´<¬:§(¬h­§ª'¸a§²:¬
ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®`¸“§¸“§­§(±(±(»u¾<¬â¸a§Ä»u¬h­«©²aª«´Hª½éyê è ¦Î>ë%ìaíyî6ï“ð
ì¼õ"ö6íJö«÷í ìÂøaù íJö6ú½û6Î:¨´†©)§J·¯§(¹¨a³µ´“Γ¨§©¹»p­»pº
©%ñݼòôó ²a¬®Æ¹§@·@´<òôó ©%®¼§¬[ñ ³|®Æ©§(±´HÍH»µ¸a®D¸a§Ê»u¬aÀÁ´†©¹½®<±(»u¾H¬*Î
¨®r©%®"ª«²¼¨´Hª¯­§©»u´†©®<¬:Ý<³u»uª«»µªá½±(´<©«©§(³µ®†±(»u¾H¬D§(¬`¸a»uª¯º
­»u¬‡­´<ª)¬:´‡¸a´<ª¸a§3¨a©´h±(§(ª®†¹»u§(¬h­´aÈ
ü ±­²®†³µ¹§¬h­§½§(ª¯­%®<¹´<ª"­«©%®<Ç®o·«®<¬:¸a´¡§(¬¿§³)¸“§º
ª®†©«©´H³u³u´Æ¸a§3²a¬®"¨:³µ®†­%®rÀÁ´†©¹½®Ä¨:®†©%®Ê³µ®Ä¨“©§ à §¬:±(»u¾H¬
¸a§"®r­%®HÅh²:§(ª±(´h´<©%¸“»µ¬:®H¸“´Hª¶Åh²:§¶­«©%®†­%®½¸a§"®<³u±o®†¬:ã(®†©
¸a»u±%Ю3¸“»µª¯­«©»uÇa²:±(»u¾<¬Då ý†çWÈHþ²:§(ª¯­«©%®¨a©´H¨a²:§ª¯­%®v²a­»u³u»pº
ão®²:¬D¨®r©%®H¸a»uÍ<¹½®¨a²:Ç:³u»u±o®<¸a´<©6ÿrª«²:Çaª«±©»u¨a­´<©v¨®†©%®
³µ®Æ±(´H¹"²:¬a»µ±(®<±(»u¾H¬[¸“§"³u´Hª¶¸a»uª¯­»u¬‡­´<ª3±(´H¹¨´<¬:§(¬h­§(ª
¸a§(³.ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®‡È '®H¸a®`²a¬:´`¸“§Ä³u´<ª¬:´‡¸a´<ª¸“§(³.ª«»uª¯­§º
¹½®“Î<³u³|®†¹½®H¸“´½÷%ö h
ö îö <ö6ì÷ ò ì:Îh±´H¬:ª¯­%®¶¸“§²:¬
±(´H¬†·¯²a¬h­´¼¸“§ª«§(¬:ª«´†©§(ª(ÎN®†¬®<³u»uão®<¸a´<©§ªoÎ*ÍH§ª¯­´<©§(ªvá
²:¬a»|¸a®H¸“§(ª¸“§3©§ª«¨:²a§(ª¯­%®“È
Ü ´HªÊª«§(¬aª«´<©§(ª(Î
´[®†¬®†³µ»uão®<¸a´†©§(ªÆ¸“§ÆÇ®r·@´[¬a» §(³yÎ
ª«§Ê§(¬:±o®r©Ím®†¬â¸“§"©§±(´HÍ<§©»u¬“ÀÁ´<©¹½®†±(»u¾H¬[ª«´Hª«¨§±6à Ða´<º
ª®Déy±(´H¹´“Î:¨´<©§@·@§(¹¨:³u´aÎ:§(ª¯­%®†Ç:³u§(±(»u¹»u§(¬h­´½¸a§¶±(´<º
¬:§ä“»u´H¬a§(ª½®†¬:¾<¹Æ®†³µ®<ª(αo®†¹ÊÇa»µ´<ªÄ©§(¨§¬h­»µ¬a´Hª§¬§(³
­«©%݆ß:±(´½¸“§¶³µ®Ê©§o¸Î:§­±<È û6È F®<³N»µ¬“ÀÁ´†©¹½®<±(»u¾H¬D§(ª¨a²aº
Ç:³u»u±o®H¸a®¼ª«´HǓ©§Ä³|®Æ»µ¬“À‰©%®†§(ª¯­«©²:±­²“©%®`¸a§Ê±(´<¹Ê²a¬:»u±o®rº
±(»u´H¬a§(ªv¸“§¶³µ®Ä¨a³µ®†­%®†À‰´<©¹½®Déy§¬`ÀÁ´†©¹½®Ä¸a§¶®<³u§©«­%®<ª%û6È
´<©Æ´†­«©´â³µ®<¸a´aΧ(³±(´<¬<·@²:¬h­´â¸“§Ë®<¬:®<³u»uão®H¸“´<©§(ª½á
ÍH§(ª¯­´†©§(ª§(ª¯­%®†©%݆¬Ëª«²:Çaª«±©»p­´Hª®Ä³µ®Ê¨:³µ®†­%®†À‰´<©¹½®¸“§
¨a©§ à §(¬:±»µ¾<¬Nήʳµ®Ä§(ª«¨§©%®¸“§¶¨´“¸“§©±(´H¬aª«²:¹»p©³µ®<ª
®<³u§©«­%®†ªáË©§o®<³u»uão®†©"²a¬[¨“©´‡±§(ª«´Ë¸“§Ä±(´†©«©§(³µ®<±(»u¾H¬Ìá
ª«§(³u§(±(±(»u¾<¬¼¸“§±(´H¬h­«©%®†¹§o¸a»µ¸:®†ª®v§@·¯§(±²a­%®†©¨´<©¨:®†©«º
­§¸“§¶³µ®†ª²:¬a»|¸a®H¸“§(ª¸“§3©§ª«¨:²:§ª¯­%®“È
Ü ´Hª)¸a»uª¯­»u¬h­´Hª±(´H¹¨´<¬:§(¬h­§ª¸a§v±o®H¸a®"±(§(³µ¸:®Ê¸“§
¨a©§ à §(¬:±»µ¾<¬­«©%®r­%®†©%Ý<¬Ï¸a§D¸a§­§(±6­%®†©Æª«»³u´<ª½©§(±²a©«º
ª«´Hª3¸a´H¬:¸a§§(ª¯­%ÝÆ®†³µÇ§6©Ím®H¸a®½À‰´<©¹½®<¬Ë¨®†©«­§"®†±­» à ®
¸a§v²:¬¼®†­%®<Ň²a§v±(´h´<©%¸a»u¬:®H¸“´aÈÉ.¬¼±o®<ª«´Ä¸a§3¸a§6­§(±­%®r©
­%®<³Uª«»p­²®†±(»u¾H¬*γµ®<ª"±(§(³µ¸:®†ªÊ¸a§½¨“©§ à §(¬a±(»u¾H¬V®<±6­²®†º
©%Ý<¬[¸a§"³µ®½ÀÁ´<©¹½®Æ®<¨“©´H¨:»µ®<¸:®Æª«´HǓ©§Ä±(®H¸:®Æ²a¬:´¼¸“§
ª«²:ª©§(±(²“©ª«´Hª®†ª«´h±(»µ®H¸a´<ª)¨:®†©%®“Îhß:¬®†³µ¹§¬h­§HÎm§(³u²¸“»u©
ª«²D¨:®†©«­»u±(»u¨:®<±(»u¾H¬D§(¬`§(³F®r­%®HÅh²:§¶¸a§6­§(±­%®H¸“´aÈ
¦“»D²:¬ ®†­%®†±o®<¬h­§ ¸a§(ª«±(²aÇa©§B³|® ¨a©§(ª«§¬:±(»µ®S¸“§
²:¬:®±§(³µ¸:®"¸a§¨a©§ à §(¬:±»µ¾<¬N·»u¬h­§(¬h­%®†©%Ý"¸“§(ª®<±6­» à ®r©«º
³µ®Ë¨a©§ à »µ®<¹§(¬h­§½®D³|®Ë§J·¯§(±(²a±(»u¾H¬,¸a§(³'®r­%®HÅh²:§½±(´H¬
§(³‡´HǓ·@§­» à ´3¸a§U§ à ®<¸a»p©.³µ®v¸a§­§±(±(»u¾H¬"á±o®†¬:±(§³|®†±(»u¾H¬
¸a§³a¹»uª«¹´aÈ è §»uÍH²:®<³:¹´‡¸“´aÎ<§(³a²aª«²®r©»µ´3»µ³u§(Í<°p­»µ¹´
¨´‡¸“©°µ®`»u¬h­§(¬h­%®r©»u¬h­§©%®†±­²®r©±(´H¬Ì³u´Hª§(³u§(¹§(¬h­´Hª
Åh²:§±(´<¬aÀÁ´†©¹½®<¬Æ³µ®<ª'±(§(³µ¸a®<ª¸a§¨“©§ §(¬a±(»u¾H¬½±(´H¬Æ³µ®
߬:®<³u»µ¸:®<¸V¸“§½¨“©´ à ´h±o®†©"²:¬Ì¹½®<³.ÀÁ²aà ¬:±(»u´H¬:®<¹»u§(¬h­´
¸a§³µ®Æ¨a³µ®†­%®†À‰´<©¹½®“È ü ª«°yβa¬®¹½®<¬a»µ¨a²:³µ®<±»u¾H¬[®<¸a§6º
±(²:®H¸:®3¨§©¹»p­»p©°µ®®†³»u¬h­«©²aª«´Í<§(¬:§©%®r©®†³u§©«­%®<ªÀy®†³pº
ª®<ªÅh²:§HÎ<§(¬ à »µ®H¸:®†ª®3´†­«©%®<ª
±(§(³µ¸:®†ªU¸a§¨“©§ à §(¬a±(»u¾H¬*Î
¨´‡¸“©°µ®<¬±(®<²:ª®r©.¸a§(¬a§(Ím®†±(»u´H¬:§ª.¸a§
ª«§© à »µ±»µ´"éô®­«©%®rº
àª¸“§¶³µ®<ª²:¬:»µ¸a®H¸a§ª¸a§3©§(ª«¨a²:§ª¯­%®mû´ÄÇ:»u§(¬`´‡±²:³pº
­%à ®†©U§³®†­%®<Ň²a§)©§(®<³®¶³u´HªUÍH§ª¯­´<©§(ª'¸a§)±(´<©«©§(³µ®†±(»u¾H¬NÈ
Ü ®½§@·@§(±(²:±»u¾H¬Ì¸a§"³µ®<ª3±(§(³µ¸a®<ª¶¸a§"¨“©§ §(¬a±(»u¾H¬Âª«§
©§o®†³µ»uão®Æ§(¬¡¹´‡¸“´Æ¨“©» à »u³u§(Í<»|®<¸a´[éô®H¸a¹»u¬aà »µª¯­«©%®<¸a´†©6û6Î
³u´ÆÅh²:§¶ÍH®†©%®<¬h­»uão®§ à »p­%®†©vŇ²a§¶²:ª«²:®†©»u´Hªì ó î6ú µö ñ
¨:²a§o¸a®<¬,»µ¬h­§6©%®<±­²:®†©½±(´H¬à(ª¯­%®<ª(ÈUÉ.ª¯­%®Ìª«»p­²:®<±(»u¾H¬
³u³u§ à ®†©°µ®V®†³v®†­%®†±o®<¬h­§Â®[»u¬‡­§¬h­%®†©½±(´H¬aª«§(ÍH²a»p©¼²:¬:®
¨´Hª«»u±(»u¾<¬Ä¨“©» à »u³u§(Í<»|®<¸:®v¸a§¬‡­«©´¸“§(³‡ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®‡Î†¬:´ª«´<º
³u´3±(´<¬Ê§(³“´HǓ·@§­» à ´¶¸“§¸a§(ª®†±­» à ®†©
³µ®v±(§(³µ¸a®3¸a§'¨“©§º
øa§§¬:ª«Ð:±(´H»u¾H¬a¬,§(ª¯´¡­%®‡¹½Î>ª«®<»u¬a¬a»µ´D¨a²:­%®†³µ®†¹Ê©ÊÇaª«»µ²:àªÄ¬Ì§(¨³u§(´†¹©%ҧ²a¬h§­´H®<ª±±(¸“»u´H§Æ¬:ÀÁ§´<ª"©¹½»u¬a® º
Ãë Z´<³µ²aø ± ©%®<¸:®<ì ª.¼§¬Ä´Ä®r§­%䓮H¨:Åh³u²:´<©%§(®†ª±(±(»u´h¾H¬Â´†©%¸a¸a»u§3¬¨:®<¸a²:´H§6©«ª(­Î<´H­%ª)®†³µª«§»µª
³u§(±¬a´H±(¹»u´<´ º
ª®“Ω§oÅhóo²:ó »u§©§¬¡¸a§¨a©» à »µ³u§(Í<»u´`¸a§¬h­«©´Æ¸a§³>ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®“È
ü ª«°¨:²:§ª(·§(ª'¬a§(±(§(ª®r©»u´Ê³µ®»µ¬a±(³u²:ª«»u¾<¬`¸a§¹§(±(®<¬:»uª¯º
¹´HªÅh²:§¹»p­»uÍH²:§¬´¶§(³u»µ¹»u¬a§(¬±(²:®<³µÅh²:»u§©­»u¨´¸a§
®<±±(»u¾H¬5Ň²a§`®†­§¬h­§`±(´<¬h­«©%®¡³µ´<ª§(³u§(¹§(¬h­´<ª¸a§¼³µ®
¨:³µ®r­%®†ÀÁ´†©¹½®Êáƪ«²`±(´†©«©§(±­´ÄÀ‰²:¬a±(»u´H¬®†¹»u§(¬h­´aÈ
É
¬§(ª¯­§[®†©«­°u±(²a³u´,¨a©§(ª«§¬h­%®<¹´Hª¼§³¶¸a»uª«§ a´,¸a§
²:¬Â±(´<¬<·@²:¬h­´¼¸a§"¹§(±o®†¬:»uª«¹´Hª3¸“§"±(´H¬h­«©´<³
¸a§Ê®†±º
±(§(ª«´¡¨:®†©%®Â³µ®Â¨“©´<­§(±(±»u¾H¬¸a§Æ³u´<ª¸a»uª¯­»u¬h­´HªÊ±(´<¹Äº
¨´H¬a§(¬h­§(ªÄ¸a§¼±(®H¸:®Â±(§(³µ¸:®¡¸a§¼¨a©§ à §(¬a±(»u¾H¬NÈ.É
ª¯­´<ª
¹§(±o®†¬:»uª«¹´Hª'­«©%®r­%®<¬D¸a§v©§À‰´<©ão®r©v³µ®<ª¸a§ß:±(»u§(¬:±»|®†ª
¸a§"ª«§(Í<²a©»µ¸:®<¸¡¨a©§ª«§(¬h­§(ª3§(¬¡¬‡²:§ª¯­«©%®Æ¨a³µ®†­%®†À‰´<©¹½®
¸a§¨a©§ §(¬a±(»u¾H¬NÎN­«©%®r­%®<¬¸“´Â¸“§½»u¹¨§o¸a»p©"®D²a¬â¨´<º
ª«»uÇ:³u§¼®rí%®<±o®†¬h­§Æ±(´<¬:ª«§(Í<²:»p©Ê²:¬:®D¨´<ª«»µ±»µ¾<¬¿¨a©» à »u³µ§6º
ÍH»µ®<¸:®¿¸“§(¬h­«©´V¸a§³ª«»µª¯­§¹½®“Î'±´H¬Ï§(³v´<Ǔ·¯§6­» à ´¿¸a§
¸a§ª®<±­» ®†©¼ª«²:ªÆ±(´<¹¨´H¬:§¬h­§(ª½´V¹½®<¬a»µ¨a²:³µ®†©Æª«²aª
§(³u§(¹§(¬h­Ã ´<ª'¸“§ÀÁ´†©¹½®¸“§(ª«Ð:´<¬:§(ª¯­%®‡Î‡²:¬:® à §(ã)­§(¬:ÍH®
Ç®o·¯´`ª«²¡¨´‡¸a§©¶§³.¬:´‡¸a´¼®<ª«´h±(»µ®H¸“´Ë®¼¸a»u±%ЮƱ§(³µ¸:®
¸a§¨a©§ §(¬:±»µ¾<¬NÈh¦“§¨a©§(ª«§¬h­%®v­%®<¹"Ç:»uà(¬Ê§(¬§ª¯­§®r©«º
­°u±(²:³u´½Ã §(³¸a§(ª®r©«©´H³u³u´D¸“§²:¬:®¨“©»µ¹§6©%® à §©ª«»u¾H¬¡¸a§
³u´Hª.¹§(±(®<¬:»uª«¹´<ª.¸“§'±(´<¬h­«©´H³“¨“©´H¨:²a§(ª¯­´Hª(Î<»u¬h­§(͆©%®†º
¸a´<ª>§(¬§³h¬ :±(³u§(´¸a§(³mª«»µª¯­§¹½®´<¨§©%®†­» ´²a­»u³u»µã(®H¸a´
¨®r©%®Ê§(³N¸a§(ª®r©«©´H³u³u´Æ¸a§3¬‡²a§(ª¯­«©%®Ê¨a³µ®†­%®†ÃÀ‰´<©¹½®“È
É
³.©§(ª¯­´Â¸“§(³U¸“´h±(²:¹§¬h­´`§(ª¯­%Ý`´<©ÍH®<¬:»uã(®H¸a´Â¸a§
³µ®ª«»uÍ<²:»u§(¬h­§¹½®†¬:§©%®‡Èmþv²a§(ª¯­«©%®¶¨a³µ®†­%®†À‰´<©¹½®“Îmáʳµ´<ª
±(´<¹¨´H¬:§¬‡­§ª¸“§)±o®<¸:®3²:¬:®¶¸“§)³µ®<ª§(¬h­»µ¸a®H¸a§ªUÅh²a§
³µ®"±´H¬“ÀÁ´<©¹½®†¬N·ª«´H¬¼¨“©§(ª«§(¬h­%®H¸“´Hª'§(¬Æ³|®ª«§(±±(»u¾H¬ hÈ
Ü ´<ª¹§±o®<¬a»µª«¹´<ª¸a§¶±´H¬h­«©´H³N¨®r©%®Ä³µ®Ä¨“©´<­§(±(±»µ¾<¬
¸a§±(´<¹¨´<¬:§¬‡­§ªª«´H¬¡¸a§(ª«±6©»u­´<ª¶®½³u´Æ³µ®†©Í<´`¸a§³µ®
ª«§(±(±(»u¾<¬Bý“Îá²:¬:®ÌÇa©§ à §Â¸a§ª«±©»u¨±(»u¾H¬Z¸a§(³v¸“§(ª®†º
©«©´H³u³u´Æ®<±­²:®<³Fª«§§(¬:±²:§(¬h­«©%®Ê§(¬D³µ®Äª«§(±(±(»u¾H¬ aÈ Ü ®<ª
±(´H¬a±(³u²:ª«»u´H¬a§(ªá½§(³­«©%®†Ç®r·@´ÊÀ‰²a­²“©´"ª«§3¨´‡¸“©%݆¬¼§(¬“º
±(´H¬h­«©%®r©§¬D³µ® a³u­»u¹½®"ª«§±(±(»u¾H¬*È
¤ #,ØU VÙa& %J'Ø #*¢DØU) (UÖh& *F :¥UٓÚJÛN¥
.Ò"! ÚW¢<Õ< $
É
¬¼§(ª¯­%®Êª«§(±±(»u¾H¬D¨a©§(ª«§¬h­%®<¹´Hª¬‡²a§(ª¯­«©%®"¨:³µ®r­%®†ÀÁ´†©«º
¹½®)¨:®†©%®³µ®¨a©§ à §(¬:±»µ¾<¬"¸a§U®†­%®<Ň²a§(ª>±(´h´†©%¸a»u¬®<¸a´Hª(È
´<©¹§o¸a»u´Ä¸“§¶³µ®Ê²a­»u³u»uão®<±(»u¾<¬¡¸“§¶²a¬`±(´<¬<·@²:¬h­´¸“§
§(¬h­»µ¸:®<¸a§(ª¶±(´h´H¨§6©%®†­» à ®<ª(ÎF³|®¼¨:³µ®r­%®†ÀÁ´†©¹½®`¨“©§­§(¬aº
¸a§§ à »p­%®†©³µ®¨®r©«­»µ±»µ¨:®<±(»u¾<¬Ä¸a§³u´Hª>©§±(²a©ª«´<ª.¸a´<¬¸a§
¸a»u±%Ю†ª)§¬h­»|¸a®H¸“§(ª§(ª¯­%݆¬`ª«»u§(¬:¸a´Ä®†³µÇ§6©Ím®H¸a®<ª)¨®†©%®
³µ®Ê©§(®<³u»uão®<±(»u¾H¬Â¸a§3³µ®<ª¸a»pÀ‰§©§(¬h­§(ª)§­%®<¨:®<ª(È
É
³)¸a»uª«§ a´Ì¸“§¼¬‡²:§(ª¯­«©%®Â¨a³µ®†­%®†À‰´<©¹½®Â­»u§(¬a§¼­«©§ª
´HǓ·@§­» à ´HªD¨a©»u¬:±»µ¨:®<³u§(ª(ÈÉ
³¶¨a©»u¹§©´,¸a§[§(³u³u´HªË§(ª
´HǓ­§(¬:§©3²a¬®½®†©%Åh²:»p­§(±6­²a©%®½¹´‡¸a²a³µ®†©v±(´H¹¨a²:§(ª¯­%®
¨´<©¼²a¬Ï±(´<¬<·¯²a¬h­´¿¸“§Â§¬h­»|¸a®H¸“§(ª¼Åh²:§Ë±´‡´<¨§©§(¬*È
É
ª¯­%®†ª¶§(¬h­»µ¸:®<¸a§(ª3±´H³µ®<Ç´<©%®r©%Ý<¬Ì§(¬h­«©§"ª«°.¨:®†©%®¼¸“§º
­§(±­%®r©ª«»§(³§oÅh²a»µ¨´¸a´<¬¸“§§(ª¯­%݆¬Æ»µ¬aª¯­%®<³µ®H¸a®<ª¨:®†©«º
­»u±(»u¨®Ê¸a§ÀÁ´†©¹½®Ê®†±­» à ®"§(¬¼³µ®Ê§³|®†Ç´<©%®<±»u¾H¬Â¸“§v²:¬
®†­%®HÅh²a§½±(´h´†©%¸a»u¬®<¸a´Ë±(´H¬h­«©%®D³µ®`©§o¸â¸a´<¬¸“§§(ª¯­%Ý<¬
±(´H¬a§(±­%®<¸a´Hª´Ë±´H¬h­«©%®D²a¬®Æ©§o¸â¸“§Ä­§©±(§©%®†ª"¨:®†©«º
­§(ª(,È +¬® à §(㶧(³F®†­%®HÅh²a§HÎ:´²a¬®Ä¸“§ª«²aª®<±±(»u´H¬:§ª(Î
Ю(ᇮ`ª«»µ¸a´Â¸a§6­§(±­%®H¸“´aÎ>§ª¯­%®<ª"§(¬h­»µ¸:®<¸a§(ª"¸“§(ǧ©%݆¬
ª«§©U±o®<¨:®<±§(ª'¸a§)¨a©§ à §(¬a»u©³µ®¶²“­»µ³u»uão®†±(»u¾H¬¼¸“§³u´<ª©§º
±(²a©ª«´<ªÄ®<ª«´h±(»µ®H¸“´Hª¨:®†©%®Ë§ à »u­%®r©Äª«²V¨®†©«­»u±(»u¨:®<±(»u¾H¬
§(¬`§(³N®†­%®HÅh²a§¸“§­§(±­%®<¸a´aÈ
É
³'ª«§(Í<²:¬:¸a´Â´<Ǔ·¯§­» ´¡§(ª"±(´H¬aª«§(ÍH²a»u©Ä²a¬®`©§(³µ®†º
±(»u¾H¬V±(´H¹¨a³u§­%®D§½»u¬¸“§(à ¨§(¬¸“»u§(¬h­§§(¬h­«©§½³u´HªÊ¸a»pÀÁ§6º
©§(¬h­§(ª±(´<¹½¨´<¬:§(¬h­§ª"Åh²a§±(´H¬“ÀÁ´<©¹½®†¬V±o®<¸:®D²:¬:®
¸a§¼§ª¯­%®<ªÄ§(¬h­»µ¸:®H¸“§(ªÊ±(´h´H¨§©%®r­» ®†ª(È è §Æ§(ª¯­%®ÂÀ‰´<©«º
¹½®“Ϊ«§©%ݼ¨´<ª«»uÇ:³u§½¸“»uª¯­«©»µÇa²:»p©¶­%®†Ã ³µ§ª±(´H¹¨´<¬:§(¬h­§(ª
¸a§'®<±(²a§©%¸“´v±(´H¬"³µ®<ª.¬a§(±(§(ª«»µ¸:®<¸a§(ª.¸a§U±o®H¸a®©§(±(²“©ª«´
Åh²:§¶Åh²:§6©%®<¹´Hª)¸“§(ª®†©¹½®r©oÎ:¸a§3²:¬:®ÀÁ´<©¹½®"§(ª«±o®†³µ®†º
Ç:³u§3áƧß:±(»u§(¬h­§HÈ
© a³p­»µ¹´“Îa§(³*­§©±§©´<Ǔ·¯§6­» ´§(ª)´HǓ­§(¬:§6©²:¬
´<ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®Ì­´<³µ§6©%®<¬h­§¡®V®r­%®HÅh²:§(ª½Ã±(´H¬h­«©%®â§³v¨“©´H¨a»µ´
ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®“È ü ª«°yÎN.® :¬¡§(¬¡±(®<ª«´D¸“§"±(´H¹¨“©´H¹»uª«´Æ¨´<©
¨®r©«­§U¸a§(³m¬a´‡¸a´Åh²a§®<³uǧ©ÍH®®)±o®H¸a®)±(§(³µ¸:®¸a§
¨“©§º
ÃÇ:§(³u§H¬aÎa±(ª«»u¾H²:¬*ª)ÎH¹à(ª¯§(­%±o®3®†¬:¸a»u§ª«Ç¹§´H¹½ª)®†¸“¬h§­§(¸“¬:§§­§(©o±Î<±(¸“»u§'¾H¬`ÀÁ´†á½©¹½©§o®3®<®<±±±(§(»u¾H¨a¬N­%®rÈ º
/&021043-57698:57;&<=;>?<@-A,<CB;&DFEG<=HIA,D
Ü ´<ª±(´H¹¨´H¬a§(¬h­§(ª¿»u¬h­§©¬:´<ª5®4±o®H¸a® ±§(³µ¸:® ¸“§
¨a©§ à §(¬:±»µ¾<¬ ª«´H¬ »µ¬h­§Í<©%®H¸“´Hª¡§(¬ ¬‡²a§(ª¯­«©%®¨:³µ®†­%®rº
ÀÁ´†©¹½®¸a§â®†±(²:§©%¸“´5±´H¬Þ³u´HªË§(³u§(¹§(¬h­´HªDÇ݆ª«»u±(´Hª
¸a§¼±(²:®<³µÅh²:»u§©ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®¡¸a§`¸a§6­§(±(±(»u¾H¬¿áV©§(®<±(±(»u¾<¬
éyª«§(¬aª«´<©§(ª(Îh®†¬®<³u»uão®<¸a´<©§ªoÎhÍ<§(ª¯­´<©§(ª
á²:¬:»µ¸a®H¸a§ª
¸a§
©§(ª«¨a²:§(ª¯­%®Hû6È Ü ´Hª¼¹§¬:ª®r·@§(ª¼»u¬h­§©±(®<¹ÊÇa»µ®H¸a´<ª¼§¬aº
­«©§§(ª¯­´Hª'±(´H¹¨´<¬:§(¬h­§ªUª«§©%݆¬¼Ç݆ª«»u±o®<¹§(¬h­§­«©§ª J
ö <ö6ì:í ó†ñ éy§¬h­«©§½ª«§(¬:ª«´†©§(ª"áâ®<¬:®<³u»uão®H¸“´<©§(ª%û6K
Î µö6î6ð
Lí ñ éy§(¬h­«©§3®<¬:®<³u»µã(®H¸“´<©§(ª)á½ÍH§(ª¯­´†©§(ª%û6ÎaM
á H÷%÷ òôó ìö ñ
éy§(¬h­«©§Í<§(ª¯­´<©§(ªá[²:¬a»µ¸:®H¸“§(ª¸a§Ä©§(ª«¨a²:§(ª¯­%®Hû6ÈÉ.ª¯º
­´Hª¶±(´<¹¨´H¬:§¬h­§(ª(Îá³u´Hª¸a»uª¯­»u¬h­´Hª¶¹§(¬:ª®r·@§(ª¶»u¬aº
­§©±o®†¹ÊÇa»µ®H¸a´<ª¶§¬‡­«©§"§(³u³µ´<ª(ÎFª«´<¬â¸“§(ª«±©»p­´Hª®¼±´H¬aº
­»u¬‡²®†±(»u¾H¬NÈ
É
¬D¨a©»u¹§©³u²:ÍH®†©­§(¬a§(¹´Hª)³µ´<ªvª«§¬:ª«´<©§ª(δĩ§6º
±(´<³µ§±­´<©§(ªv¸a§¶»u¬aÀÁ´†©¹½®<±(»u¾<¬NÈÉ.ª¯­´Hª±(´<¹¨´H¬:§¬h­§(ª
´HǓ­»u§(¬:§¬»u¬“ÀÁ´<©¹½®†±(»u¾H¬ª«´<ª«¨§(±%Ð:´Hª®‡Î
­%®<¬h­´[®¡¬:»pº
®¶¬:» à §(³¸“§(³¨“©´H¨a»µ´§oÅh²:»u¨´¸a´H¬“º
øa§§Â³ª«¸“§[§)©§§o¬:¸±(²a±§(´H¬h¹­«©%´®<¬
»u¬aª¯­%®<³µ®H¸“´Hª(Ψ:®†©%®V¨:²aÇ:³u»u±o®†©³µ®
§(¬½²:¬½±o®<¬:®<³§(ª«¨§(±(°pß±´`éô¸“´H¬:¸a§®<³uÍH²a¬:´Hª®<¬:®<³u»uão®†º
¸a´†©§(ª½®<ª«´h±(»µ®H¸“´HªÆ§(ª¯­%®r©%Ý<¬Ï®[³µ®[§(ª«±(²a±%Юmû6È
þv²a§(ª¯º
­«©%®"¨a³µ®†­%®†À‰´<©¹½®"²a­»u³u»uão®Êª«§¬:ª«´<©§ªÇ:®<ª®<¸a´Hª§(¬Æ©§o¸
éy§(¬Ça²:ª«±o®[¸a§¼­«©%݆ß:±(´Ì»u³µ§Ím®<³´Ì¨§(³u»uÍ<©´<ª«´V±(´<¹´aÎ
¨´<©'§J·¯§(¹¨a³µ´“Γ¸“§(ª«Ç´<©%¸a®<¹»u§(¬h­´HªU¸a§Ç:O² N§©o·¸a®†­%®rº
Í<©%®†¹½®<ª±(´<¬¼ª«²:¨a³|®†¬h­%®<±(»u¾H¬`¸a§vê Γ»u¬“²a¬¸a®<±(»u¾<¬`¸a§
­«©%݆ß:±(´a׍­±rûá˪«§¬:ª«´†©§(ª3Ç®†ª®H¸a´<ª3§(¬Â§oÅh²a»µ¨´Ëéy§(¬
Ç:²aª«±o®3¸“§)®<±(±(»u´<¬:§(ªª«´<ª«¨§(±%Ð:´Hª®†ªU´3¨§(³u»uÍ<©´Hª®†ªU´<©»pº
ÍH»u¬:®H¸:®†ª3§¬Â§(³F¨a©´H¨a»u´Æ§(Ň²a»u¨´ÄáËÅh²a§¨a²:§(¸a§(¬Dª«²aº
¨´H¬a§©U²a¬Ä©»u§(ª«Í<´±(´H¹´“Îm¨´†©U§@·@§(¹¨:³u´aÎm²“­»µ³u»uão®†±(»u¾H¬
®<Ça²:ª«» ®v¸a§'³µP® +ÎH§J·¯§(±(²a±(»u¾H¬¸a§'±(´<¹½®<¬:¸a´Hª¨´<º
­§(¬a±(»µ®<à ³u¹§(¬h­§3Ð:´<ª¯­»u³µ§ª(׍­±HÈ û6È
Ü ´<ª3§ §¬h­´Hªv¨:²aÇ:³u»u±o®H¸“´Hª3¨´†©3³µ´<ª3ª«§(¬:ª«´†©§(ª¸“§(³
ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®Ëà ª«´H¬V©§(±(»uÇa»|¸“´HªÊ¨´†©Ä²a¬®Dª«§©»u§D¸“§¼®<¬:®<³u»uº
ão®<¸a´<©§ª(׍¬:±o®r©Ím®H¸“´Hª3¸“§¶©§o®<³u»uão®†©3²:¬D¨“©´h±(§(ª«´Æ¸a§
®<¬:Ý<³u»uª«»uªá½¸“§±(´†©«©§(³µ®<±(»u¾H¬D¸“§Ç:®r·¯´"¬a» §(³yÈ ü ª«°y·§(ª¯º
­´HªÊ±(´H¹¨´<¬:§(¬h­§ªÊ±´H¬:ª«²a¹§(¬V§ à §¬h­´Hà ª"áV¨“©´‡¸a²“º
±(§(¬D®†³u§©«­%®<ª³u´h±o®<³u§(ª§¬`§(³*»u¬h­§©»u´<©¸a§3±o®<¸:®Ê±§(³µ¸:®
¸a§)¨“©§ §(¬a±(»u¾H¬*ÈhÉ.ª¯­%®<ª'®<³u§6©«­%®<ªUª«´H¬¨:²:Ça³u»µ±(®H¸a®<ª§(¬
§(³±o®<¬:î<³±(´†©«©§(ª«¨´H¬¸“»u§(¬h­§Véy§(¬5§(ª¯­§Ë±o®<ª«´“Î'§(¬5§(³
±o®†¬®<³'¸“§Æ®†³µ§6©«­%®<ªÊ³u´h±o®†³µ§ª%û6È Ü ®D¨a³µ®†­%®†À‰´<©¹½®DЮ<±§
²:ª«´Ê­%®<¬h­´¸a§®<¬:®<³u»uão®H¸“´<©§(ªv±(´<¬Â¸“§­§(±(±»µ¾<¬ËÇ®†ª®†º
¸:®§(¬"²:ª«´Hª.»u¬¸“§(Ç:»µ¸“´Hª.±´H¹´3¸a§®†¬®<³u»uão®<¸a´<©§ª±(´H¬
¸a§6­§(±(±(»u¾<¬DÇ®<ª®<¸:®Ê§(¬D®<¬a´H¹½®†³µ°µ®†ª(È
+v¬Í<§(ª¯­´<©¸a§)±(´<©«©§(³µ®†±(»u¾m¬*ÎaÅh²:§)§(ª¯­%Ý®¶³|®¶§(ª«±(²“º
±%Ю¸a§'®<³u§©«­%®<ª.³u´h±o®<³u§(ª.᧍䇭§©¬®†ª.®­«©%® à à(ª.¸“§U³µ´<ª
±o®†¬®<³u§(ªv±´<©«©§(ª«¨´<¬¸a»u§(¬h­§ª(׍ª§(³N©§(ª«¨´H¬aª®<Ç:³u§"¸a§
±(´<¬h­«©%®<ª¯­%®†©"¸a»u±%Ю¼»u¬“ÀÁ´<©¹½®†±(»u¾H¬â±´H¬h­«©%®¼ª«²:ª§ª«±(§º
¬®r©»u´Hª¸a§®r­%®HÅh²:§Ä®<ª«´h±(»µ®H¸“´Hª(ÈÉ
ª¯­§Ä±(´H¹¨´<¬:§(¬h­§
©§o®†³µ»uão®[²a¬¿¨a©´h±(§ª«´â¸“§¼±(´<©«©§³|®†±(»u¾H¬Ï®Â¨®†©«­»p©¸a§
³µ®<ªÄ®<³u§©«­%®†ªÊ©§(±»µÇa»µ¸:®<ª(È.É
ª¯­%݇Î.¨´<©"­%®†¬h­´aλu¬ à ´<³u²aº
±©%®<¸a´â§(¬Ï³µ®â¨:®†©«­§Â¸a§³¨a©´h±(§ª«´,¸“§Ë±(´†©«©§(³µ®<±(»u¾H¬
©§(³µ®†­» à ´Æ®Ä³µ®Ä±(§(³µ¸:®¸a§¶¨a©§ à §(¬a±(»u¾H¬Ë¸a´<¬¸“§¶ª«§§¬aº
±(²:§¬h­«©%®[®†³µÇ§©ÍH®H¸“´aÈ ²:§(ª¯­´ÌÅh²:§¼³µ®¡±(´<©«©§³|®†±(»u¾H¬
¸a§¡²a¬Z®†­%®<Ň²a§¡±(´h´<©%¸“»u¬®H¸“´,§(ª`²a¬±(´H¬†·¯²:¬h­´,¸“§
®<³u§©«­%®†ª»u¬h­§©¬®†ªUáħä‡­§©¬®†ª©§(¨´<©«­%®H¸a®<ª'¨´†©'§(³u§º
¹§(¬h­´Hª)»u¬h­§©¬:´<ªá`§ä‡­§©¬a´Hª¸a§³Fª«»uª¯­§(¹½®“Î:­´‡¸a®<ª
§(ª¯­%®<ª®†³µ§6©«­%®<ªª«´<¬Ì®<¬:®<³u»uão®H¸a®<ª§(¬¡²:¬¡¨“©´h±(§(ª«´D¸“§
®<³p­´[¬a» §(³'§@·¯§±(²a­%®<¸a´[¨´†©Ä§(³ÍH§ª¯­´<©½¸a§Æ±(´<©«©§(³µ®rº
±(»u¾H¬*ÈÉ.à ª¯­§§(³u§(¹§(¬h­´Ê§(ª)­%®<¹"Ç:»uà(¬¼§(³*©§(ª«¨´H¬aª®<Ç:³u§
¸a§¶¨a²:Ç:³u»u±o®r©v®<³u§©«­%®†ª3¸“§¶±(´<©«©§³|®†±(»u¾H¬Ëá`®<³u§©«­%®†ª3¸“§
±(´H¬h­«©%®†¹§o¸a»µ¸a®“È
Ü ®Â±(´H¹"²:¬a»u±o®<±(»u¾<¬,±(´H¬,§(³'©§ª¯­´Ì¸a§Æ±(§(³µ¸:®†ª½¸“§
¨a©§ à §(¬:±»µ¾<¬`§(ª©§(ª«¨´H¬aª®<Ça»µ³u»µ¸a®H¸Ë¸“§¶²a¬`Í<§(ª¯­´<©v¸“§
±(´h´H¨§©%®†±(»u¾H¬NÎÅh²a§V§(ª¯­%Ý®5³µ®Ï§(ª«±(²a±6Ð:®¸“§¿®<³u§©«º
­%®<ª>±(´h´H¨§©%®r­» à ®<ª¨a©´ à §(¬a»u§(¬h­§(ª>¸a§(³h§6䓭§6©»µ´†©.¸a§³µ®
±(§(³µ¸:®Ê¸a§v¨a©§ à §(¬:±»µ¾<¬`¸a´H¬:¸a§vª«§3§(¬:±²:§(¬h­«©%®»u¬:ª¯­%®†º
³µ®H¸a´“ȆÉ
ª¯­%®†ª®†³µ§6©«­%®<ª>ª«´H¬¨:²aÇ:³u»u±o®H¸a®<ªF±´H¹´®<³u§6©«­%®<ª
§ä‡­§©¬®†ª§(¬Ëª«²Ë»u¬h­§©»u´<©oÈ ü ³µ® à §(ãHα´H¬:ª«²a¹§³µ®<ª
®<³u§©«­%®†ª'¸a§±(´<©«©§(³µ®†±(»u¾H¬Æ¨“©´“¸“²:±(»µ¸a®<ª
§(¬Ä§(³:»u¬h­§©»u´<©
¸a§3³µ®Ä±(§³|¸a®¸“§¶¨“©§ §¬:±(»u¾H¬D¸“´H¬:¸a§3ª«§¶§(¬:±²:§(¬h­«©%®‡Î
áijµ®<ª¨:²:Ça³u»µ±(®¶§(¬§(³:à §ä‡­§©»u´<©U§(¬ÄÀÁ´†©¹½®¸“§®<³u§6©«­%®<ª
±(´h´H¨§©%®r­» à ®†ª(È
Ü ®Ä¨:®†©«­§¶©§o®†±­» ®½¸“§(³Nª«»uª¯­§(¹½®Äª«§Ç®†ª®Ä§(¬D²:¬
±(´H¬†·¯²a¬h­´"¸a§Í<§(ª¯­´<é§(ª¸a§±(´<¬h­«©%®<¹§o¸“»|¸a®<ª(Îh§(¬a±o®†©«º
Ím®H¸“´Hª>¸a§.©§(±(»uÇa»p©.®†³µ§6©«­%®<ª¸a§
±´H¬h­«©%®<¹§(¸a»µ¸:®'¨:²:Ça³u»pº
±o®H¸a®<ª¶¨´<©¶§(³.ÍH§ª¯­´<©"¸“§Ê±(´†©«©§(³µ®<±(»u¾H¬V¸“§Ê³µ®¼±(§(³µ¸a®
¸a§Ä¨a©§ §(¬:±»u¾H¬âÅh²:§Ä³u§(ª®<³uǧ©Ím®‡ÈÉ
ª¯­´<ªÍH§(ª¯­´†©§(ª
ª«´H¬Â³u´HªÃ ©§(ª«¨´<¬:ª®<Ça³u§(ª¶¸“§±(´<¬:ª«²a¹»u©±(´<¬h­«©%®<¹§o¸“»uº
¸:®†ªFáv­«©%®<¬aª¯ÀÁ´<©¹½®r©³|®†ª§¬³µ®<ª®†±(±(»u´H¬a§(ª±´<©«©§(ª«¨´H¬“º
¸a»u§(¬h­§(ª(,È +¬® §(ã³µ®½®†³u§©«­%®½¸a§±(´<¬h­«©%®<¹§o¸“»µ¸:®Ê§(ª
­«©%®<¬aª¯ÀÁ´<©¹½®<¸:®“ÃÎ.³µ®<ª®<±(±»µ´<¬:§ª½®<ª«´h±(»µ®H¸a®<ª½ª«´H¬,¨a²aº
Ç:³u»u±o®H¸a®<ªU§¬§(³:±o®†¬®†³®<ª«´h±»|®<¸a´"®3³|®†ªU²a¬:»µ¸:®<¸a§ªU¸“§
©§(ª«¨:²a§(ª¯­%®Ä¸“§¶³µ®Ê±(§(³µ¸a®¸“§¶¨“©§ à §¬:±(»u¾H¬*È
Q »µ¬:®<³u¹§(¬h­§Hγµ®<ªD²:¬:»µ¸a®H¸“§(ªD¸a§¡©§(ª«¨a²:§(ª¯­%®V­´<º
¹½®<¬â³µ®<ªÊ®<±(±(»u´<¬:§(ªÊ¨a©´‡¸“²:±(»µ¸:®†ª"¨´<©Ê³u´<ªÊÍH§(ª¯­´†©§(ª
¸a§±(´<¬h­«©%®<¹§o¸“»|¸a®<ª¨®r©%®³u³µ§ à ®†©³µ®<ª3®±o®†Ç´aRÈ '®H¸a®
®<±(±»µ¾<¬§(ª½ÍH§¬:§©%®<¸:®Ì¨®†©%®Ì¨“©§ à §¬:»p©½²:¬:´â¸“§Ë³u´Hª
¸a»uª¯­»u¬h­´Hª¨:®<ª«´Hª¸a§(³
®†­%®HÅh²a§Ä±(´h´<©%¸“»µ¬:®H¸“´ÂÅh²a§ÄÐ:®
ª«»µ¸a´¸a§­§(±6­%®H¸a´“Îoᶧª>§@·@§(±(²“­%®H¸:®)±(´H¬h­«©%®)§³m©§(±(²“©ª«´
¸a´<¬¸a§³|®¶±§(³µ¸:®¸“§)¨a©§ §¬:±(»u¾<¬ª«§§(¬a±(²:§¬‡­«©%®3®<³u´<º
·«®H¸a®“È ü ³.»uÍH²:®<³Åh²:§"³u´Hª¶Ã ª«§(¬:ª«´†©§(ª(ÎF³µ®¼¨:³µ®r­%®†ÀÁ´†©¹½®
Ю†±(§¶²aª«´Ä¸a§3²a¬:»µ¸:®<¸a§(ª)¸“§v©§(ª«¨a²:§(ª¯­%®"Ç®†ª®H¸:®†ª§¬
©§o¸Zéy¨:®†©%®‡Î.¨´†©Ä§@·¯§(¹¨a³u´aÎ.Ça³µ´‡Åh²:§(®†©Ä±(´H¬a§ä“»u´H¬:§ª(Î
±(§©«©%®r©)¨:²a§©«­´HSª T .ÿ + Pè Îa§6­±HÈ ûá²:¬a»µ¸:®H¸“§(ª¸“§
©§(ª«¨:²a§(ª¯­%®½Ç:®<ª®H¸a®<ª3§¬¡§(Ň²a»u¨´Âéy¨®†©%®‡Î¨´†©3§@·¯§¹Äº
¨:³u´aΓ߬:®<³u»uão®†©³µ®Ê§@·¯§±(²:±»µ¾<¬Ë¸a§3¨a©´h±§(ª«´Hª(Îa©§o®<³u»uão®†©
²:¬,±(®<¹ÊÇa»u´Ì¸“§`¨§©¹»uª«´Hª(Î.Ç:³u´‡Åh²:§o®r©½±²:§(¬h­%®†ª½¸“§
²:ª«²:®†©»u´aÎ:§­±rû6È
ÙO#¥UÚW¢H¤Z×N¢¼ØU )(UÖh×NÕ< ٓÙaÚWÛF¥
Ü ®`¹½®(áh´<©¨®†©«­§½¸a§³µ®D»µ¬ §(ª¯­»uÍm®<±»µ¾<¬,®<±6­²®<³§(¬
§(³'Ý<¹"Ç:»p­´Â¸a§½³u´HªÊª«»uª¯­§(¹½®†Ã ªÄ¸“§Æ¨“©§ à §¬:±(»u¾H¬V±´H¬aº
­«©%®D®r­%®HÅh²:§ª»µ¬“ÀÁ´†©¹½Ý†­»u±(´HªÀ‰´h±o®<³u»uão®<¬¿ª«²aª§(ª¯ÀÁ²a§©«º
ã(´<ª½§(¬¹§@·@´<©%®†©½ª«²aª¹§(±o®†¬:»uª«¹´Hª¸a§D¸“§­§(±(±»µ¾<¬
á¡©§o®<±(±»µ¾<¬NΪ«»u¬V±(´<¬:ª«»µ¸a§6©%®†©Ê§(³u§(¹§(¬h­´<ª"¸a§ª«§(ÍH²“º
©»µ¸:®<¸[Åh²a§"¨§©¹»p­%®<¬Âª«²¡¨a©´†­§(±(±(»u¾H¬*ÈNÉ
¬¡§(ª¯­%®Æ³u»pº
¬:§(®“Îa±(²:®<¬:¸a´Ê²a¬`®†­%®†±o®<¬h­§¶±´H¹¨a©´<¹§­§³|®"ª«§(ÍH²“º
©»µ¸:®<¸V¸a§²:¬âª«»uª¯­§(¹½®D¸a§Æ¸“§­§(±(±»µ¾<¬¿¸a§»µ¬h­«©²aª«´Hª
éyê è ¦Î*ë%ìaíyî6ï ì¡õö6íJö÷í ìâø:ù íJö6úÆû6Î*¨´†©3§@·@§(¹Äº
¨:³u´“έ«©%®†­%®†©%Ý¡ñòô¸aó §`¸“§(ª®<±6­» òôà ó ®r©³u´HªÄñ ¹§(±o®†¬:»uª«¹´HªÊ¸a§
¸a§6­§(±(±(»u¾<¬N·®<ª«°±(´H¹´¶§(³u»µ¹»u¬:®†©U³u´Hªß±%Ð:§6©´Hª'¸“§)©§6º
ÍH»uª¯­«©´¶Å‡²a§¸“§(³µ®†­§(¬Êª«²Ê§(¬h­«©%®<¸:®§(¬Ê§³aª«»uª¯­§(¹½®‡ÈmÉ.¬
§(ª¯­§±(´H¬h­§ä‡­´“Îh¨´‡¸a§(¹´<ª±(´<¬:ª«»µ¸a§6©%®†©§³±(´H¬a±(§(¨“­´
¸a§Ä¨“©´<­§(±±(»u¾H¬âÇ:®<ªÝ<¬:¸a´<¬:´Hª§(¬Ì³µ®D¸“§ß¬a»u±(»u¾H¬Ì»u¬aº
­«©´‡¸a²a±(»µ¸:®"¨´†-© X²a­³u§© Ü ®<¹¨aª«´H¬¼§(Z¬ YG[\.aÎÅh²:»u§(¬
¸a§ª«±©»uÇ:»u]¾ î íJö÷÷ ì`±(´H¹´¶³µ®Ð:®<Ç:»u³u»µ¸:®<¸½¸a§±´H¬aº
­«©´H³µ®r©§³
®<±±(ó §(ª«´D¸a^ò §"²:¬¡¨“©´H͆©%®<¹½®Æ´¼²a¬¡²:ª«²:®†©»u´
®Ê´†­«©´Hª§(³u§(¹§¬h­´Hª¸“§¶²a¬`ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®Æå _rçôÈ
F®<³á±(´H¹´ª«§3Ð:®§ä“¨:²a§(ª¯­´§(¬¼³µ®ª«§(±(±(»u¾H¬D®†¬aº
­§©»u´<©o·³µ®<ª'§(¬h­»µ¸:®H¸“§(ª'¸a§¬‡²a§(ª¯­«©%®¨a³|®r­%®†À‰´<©¹½®±(´†º
´H¨§6©%®<¬5§(¬h­«©§Dª«°¨:®†©%®Ì¸a§6­§(±­%®†©½±(²:®<¬¸“´Ì³u´Hª©§6º
±(²“©ª«´Hª`¸a´H¬:¸a§Ë§(ª¯­%Ý<¬Z®<³uǧ©ÍH®H¸:®†ª`À‰´<©¹½®<¬Ï¨®†©«­§
®<±6­» ®¼¸“§"²:¬[®r­%®HÅh²:§"±(´h´†©%¸a»u¬®<¸a´aÈ ü ³»uÍ<²®<³
Åh²a§
§(¬`²aà ¬¼ê è ¦­«©%®<¸a»u±(»u´H¬:®<³yβa¬®"¹½®†¬:»u¨:²a³µ®<±(»u¾H¬D®<¸a§6º
±(²:®H¸:®`¸a§Ä³u´Hª¨a©´h±(§ª«´HªÊ®†ª«´h±(»µ®H¸a´<ªÄ®`±(®H¸:®`±§(³µ¸:®
¸a§3¨a©§ §(¬a±(»u¾H¬`¨§©¹»p­»u©°µ®Ê®Ê²:¬D®r­%®<±o®†¬h­§§ ®H¸“»p©
³µ®â¸“§­§(à ±±(»u¾H¬Ï¸a§`ª«²5¨“©§(ª«§(¬a±(»µ®“È è §D§(ª¯­%®¡À‰´<à ©¹½®“Î
§(³v»u¬h­«©²:ª«´Vª«§©°µ®¿³u»uÇa©§[¸“§Â´h±(²:³p­%®†©`³µ®V¨®r©«­§[¸“§(³
®†­%®<Åh²:§Ë³u´h±o®<³3®Ì³µ®â±§(³µ¸:®â¸a§Ë¨“©§ §¬:±(»u¾H¬Ï¸“´H¬¸“§
ª«§§(¬:±(²a§(¬h­«©%®“δ½»µ¬a±(³u²:ª«´Æ¨´‡¸‡©°|®ÍHà §¬:§©%®r©®†³u§©«­%®<ª
Ày®†³uª®<ªÅ‡²a§H׍¬ à »µ®H¸a®<ª3®½´<­«©%®†ª3±(§(³µ¸:®†ª¶¸a§¨a©§ à §(¬aº
±(»u¾H¬*Îa¨a©´ à ´h±(®†©%®<¬`²a¬¼¹½®†³ÀÁ²a¬:±»µ´<¬®†¹½»u§¬‡­´Ê¸a§v³µ®
¨:³µ®r­%®†ÀÁ´†©¹½®“ÈÉ.ª¯­%®¡ª«»p­²®<±»µ¾<¬5¬a´HªÄ³u³u§ à ®[®Â³|®¡¬a§º
±(§(ª«»µ¸a®H¸V¸a§»u¬:±(´†©¨´<©%®†©Ê¹§(±(®<¬:»uª«¹´<ª"¸“§½¨“©´<­§(±6º
±(»u¾H¬âª«´HǓ©§½³u´HªÊ¸“»µª¯­»u¬h­´<ª"±´H¹¨´H¬a§(¬h­§(ª¸“§±o®H¸a®
±(§(³µ¸a®[¸“§¼¨“©§ à §¬:±(»u¾H¬*ι»p­»µÍH®<¬:¸a´Â´¡§(³u»u¹»µ¬:®<¬:¸a´
±(²:®<³µÅh²:»u§©­»u¨´Ë¸a§®<±±(»u¾H¬¿Åh²a§®†­§(¬h­§Ä±(´H¬h­«©%®`³µ®
¨:³µ®r­%®†ÀÁ´†©¹½®Êáƪ«²`±(´†©«©§(±­´ÄÀ‰²:¬a±(»u´H¬®†¹»u§(¬h­´aÈ
Ü ®†ª¼±(®†©%®<±6­§©°uª¯­»µ±o®<ª`»u¬:Ða§©§(¬h­§(ªÆ®<³v¸a»uª«§ :´V¸a§
±(´<¹¨´H¬:§¬‡­§ªÂ¸a§â¬‡²:§ª¯­«©%®5¨a³|®r­%®†À‰´<©¹½®5¬:´HªÂ³u³u§º
øa®<§'¬¨“©©%´<݆­¨:§»µ±(¸:±(®†»u¾H¹¬R§(J,¬h<­ï‡§[í ®,ðI:¸aî ´<í@ªDö«÷%¨÷ ´<ª«»uìÆÇ:³u¨§(´<ªD©.¹¨®†§(©«±o­®<§¬a¸“»uª«§'¹³µ´<´Hªª
¨a©´<¨:»u´HªF§(³u§(¹§¬h­´Hª>ó ¸“§
±oó ®H¸a®)±(^ò § ³|¸a®¸a§
¨“©§ à §(¬a±(»u¾H¬*Î
´v¨a©´†­§(±(±(»u¾<¬®¬:» à §³a¸“§(³ì&`a÷µö ó hö? ñ%ò‰ñ íJö6úa ó aöð
î <í ò ó Åh²a§3³u´Hª®†³µÇ§6©Ím®“È
É
¬D§³F¨“©»µ¹§6©±o®<ª«´“αo®<¸:®Ä±´H¹¨´H¬a§(¬h­§3§(ª)©§(ª¯º
¨´H¬aª®<Ça³µ§V¸a§âª«² ¨“©´H¨a»|®¨a©´†­§(±(±(»u¾H¬ ²a­»u³u»uão®<¬:¸a´
U
ÒWV
¹§(±o®†¬:»uª«¹´Hª.±(´<¹´¶¨´‡¸‡©°|®†¬ª«§6©U³µ®3´h±(²a³u­%®†±(»u¾H¬Æ¸“§
¨a©´h±(§(ª«´<ª(γu´Hªª«»uª¯­§(¹½®†ªÇ:®<ª®H¸“´Hª§¬Ë®†ÍH§(¬h­§(ª)¹¾<º
»µ³u§(ª(δƭà(±¬:»u±o®†ª¶±©»u¨a­´<Í<©%Ýrß±o®†ª®†ª«´‡±»|®<¸:®†ª®Æ³u´Hª
©Ã §(ÍH»uª¯­«©´<ª¼¸a§³)ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®“È ü ±­²:®<³u¹§(¬h­§Hγµ®[¹½®(áh´<©
¨®r©«­§¸“§Ê³µ®<ª¶¨a©´<¨:²:§ª¯­%®<ª¶Ç:®<ª®<¸:®<ª¶§(¬¡§(ª¯­%®¼ª«´H³u²“º
±(»u¾H¬*ÎF­%®†³µ§ª"±(´<¹´Ìå YmbÎ [“'Î YGc†çôÎ>ª«§¹Ê²a§(ª¯­«©%®<¬[»u¬:§ßaº
±(»u§(¬h­§(ªÆ±´H¬h­«©%®â®†­%®HÅh²a§(ªÆ§¬Ï³u´Hª¼Åh²:§D§(³»u¬h­«©²aª«´aÎ
§(¬[¨´Hª«§(ª«»u¾H¬V¸“§Ä²a¬®Æ¨´Hª«»u±(»u¾<¬V¸a§Ê¨a©» »µ³u§(Í<»u´aÎF»u¬aº
­§©%®<±6d­ ®ª«»u¬½©§(ª¯­«©»u±(±(»u´H¬a§(ª±(´H¬½³u´Hª'±(´H¹Ã ¨´<¬:§(¬h­§(ª
®"­«©%® àª¸a§³*¨a©´<¨:»u´Äª«»uª¯­§(¹½®"´H¨§©%®r­» ´aÈ è §3§ª¯­%®
¹½®<¬a§Ã ©%®“Γ³µ®Ê±o®<¬a±(§(³µ®†±(»u¾H¬Â¸a§v³µ´<ª¨“©´h±(§(à ª«´Hª®<ª«´h±(»µ®†º
¸a´<ª½®†³)ª«»µª¯­§¹½®[¸a§D¸“§­§(±±(»u¾H¬NÎ
´[§(³Ç´†©«©%®H¸“´â¸“§
©§(ÍH»uª¯­«©´<ª(ÎF¸“§(¹Ê²a§(ª¯­«©%®<¬D³µ®½»µ¬aª«²aß:±(»u§(¬:±»|®Æ¸“§§(ª¯­%®<ª
¹§­´‡¸a´<³µ´<ÍH°µ®<ª(ÈÉ.³¨“©´HÇa³µ§¹½®Â¸a§Æ§(ª¯­%®†ªÄ¨a©´<¨:²a§(ª¯º
­%®<ª¶©§(ª«»µ¸a§§(¬â¸a´HªÐa§(±%Ð:´Hª(ÈFÉ
¬Ì¨a©»u¹§©³u²aÍm®†©oÎF³µ®
§ä“»uª¯­§(¬:±(»µ®D¸“§Ä²:ª«²:®†©»u´Hª¨a©» »µ³u§ÍH»µ®H¸a´<ªÆéô®H¸a¹»u¬a»µª¯º
­«©%®H¸“´<©6û§(¬V³µ®Ë¹½®(áh´<©°µ®Ë¸a§½Ã ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®<ª"´H¨§6©%®†­» à ´Hª
®<±­²:®<³u§(ª(ÎN³u´Hª¶±(²:®<³u§(ª¶¨:²a§o¸a§¬¡»u¬h­§©%®†±­²®r©±(´<¬[§(³
ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®½±´H¬Â¨:³u§(¬:®³µ»uǧ©«­%®<¸*,È eÊΧ(¬Âª«§(Í<²:¬¸“´½³u²aº
Ím®†©oΓ§¬¼³µ®"¸“§(³u§(Ím®†±(»u¾H¬D¸a§¨®r©«­§3¸“§v³µ®¨“©´<­§(±(±»µ¾<¬
®<³‡±(´H¬h­«©´<³a¸“§'®<±(±(§ª«´3¨a©´<¨´<©±(»u´H¬:®H¸“´3¨´<©§(³‡ª«»uª¯­§º
¹½®½´H¨§©%®r­» à ´aÎ*ª«»µ¬[±´H¬:ª«»µ¸“§©%®†©Åh²:§"²a¬[®†­%®<±(®<¬h­§
¨´‡¸“©°µ®“ήD¨:®†©«­»p©Ê¸a§²:¬:®D¸a§ß:±(»u§(¬:±»|®Ë¸“§½ª«§(Í<²a©»pº
¸:®<¸*ÎF®H¸aŇ²a»p©»u©³u´Hª¨§©¹»uª«´Hª¸“§²a¬Ì²:ª«²:®†©»u´D¨a©»pº
à »µ³u§(Í<»µ®H¸a´“È
É
¬§(³3ª«§(ÍH²a¬¸“´¿±o®<ª«´“׍³3¬ :±(³u§(´,¸a§³3ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®
´H¨§©%®r­» à ´v§(ª.§³‡©§(ª«¨´<¬:ª®<Ça³u§)¸a§U¨a©´<¨´<©±(»u´H¬:®†©
³u´Hª
¹§(±o®†¬:»uª«¹´HªN¸a§
¨“©´<­§(±±(»u¾H¬®H¸a§±(²®<¸a´Hª(Îoª«§(¨®r©%Ý<¬“º
¸a´<³µ´<ª
¸a§³‡¨a©´<¨:»u´vª«»uª¯­§(¹½®¸a§'¸“§­§(±(±»µ¾<¬"á:ÿ†´©§o®†±º
±(»u¾H¬*È Ü ®`¨“©´<­§(±(±»µ¾<¬Vª«§­«©%®<¸a²a±(§§(¬â³µ®`»µ¬a±(´<©¨´†º
©%®<±(»u¾<¬Z¸a§D²:¬ª«»µª¯­§¹½®â¸a§D±(´H¬h­«©´<³v¸a§Ë®<±(±(§ª«´,®
³µ®<ª³u³|®†¹½®H¸:®†ªv¸a§³F¬ a±(³u§(´½¸a§³Fª«»uª¯­§(¹½®Ä´<¨§©%®†­» à ´“È
è §3§(ª¯­%®Ê¹½®<¬a§©%®“Γª«§¶¨:²a§o¸a§3®<²“­´<©»uão®†©´Ä¸a§(¬a§(Ím®r©
²:¬:®D³u³µ®<¹½®H¸a®Ë§(¬ÌÀÁ²:¬a±(»u¾H¬¿¸a§Æ¸“» §©ª«´Hª"±©»p­§©»u´<ª(Î
­%®<³u§(ª±(´<¹´`§(³.»|¸“§(¬h­»pß±(®H¸a´†©"¸“§(³.à ¨a©´h±(§(ª«´DŇ²a§Ê³µ®
©§o®<³u»uão®‡Îa¨®r©%Ý<¹§­«©´Hª'¸“§³µ®³u³µ®<¹½®H¸a®“·§­±HȇÉ
³±(´<¬aº
­«©´H³¸a§¼®†±(±(§ª«´Ì¸a§³'¬ :±(³u§(´Â¨§©¹»p­§HÎ>¨´†©Ê­%®†¬h­´aÎ
§(³u»u¹»µ¬:®†©Ä§(³±(´H¬a±(§(¨“­´Ì¸a§¼±´H¬“ß®<¬aão®[®†ª«´h±(»µ®H¸“´V®
²:ª«²:®†©»u´Hª½¨a©» à »µ³u§ÍH»µ®H¸a´<ª(ÎU©§(³u§(ÍH®<¬¸“´â³|®Ì®<²“­´<©»uão®†º
±(»u¾H¬¼¸“§§@·¯§±(²:±»µ¾<¬`¸“§²:¬:®¶³u³|®†¹½®H¸a®®<³±(´<¬h­«©´H³¸“§
®<±(±§(ª«´»u¬h­§©¬:´“È ü ¸a»u±(»u´H¬:®<³u¹§(¬h­§H·á`®Ê¸a»pÀ‰§©§(¬:±»|®
¸a§Ê³u´Hª¹à­´‡¸“´Hª¸“f§ <ï‡í Ið :î í@ö÷÷ 쮆¬h­§©»u´<©§(ª(Î
¨a©´<¨´†©±(»u´H¬:®Ä²:¬`¹à­´‡¸“´Êó ²:¬:ó »pß:±o®H¸“^ò ´aÎ:§ à »p­%®†¬¸a´Ê³µ®
»u¹¨:³u§(¹§(¬h­%®<±»u¾H¬,¸“§`¸a» à §6©ª®<ªÊ­à(±(¬a»u±o®<ªÄ§(ª«¨§(±(°pß:º
±o®<ª)¨®†©%®"±o®H¸a®Ê±(´H¹¨´H¬a§(¬h­§HÈ
®†©%®â¨a©´†­§(ÍH§6©¼³µ´<ª¼±´H¹¨´H¬a§(¬h­§(ª½¸a§Ë¬‡²a§(ª¯­«©%®
¨:³µ®†­%®rÀÁ´<©¹½®Ë¨“©´H¨´H¬a§(¹´Hª§³'²aª«´¡¸“§(³U±(´<¬h­«©´H³¸“§
®<±(±§(ª«´»µ¬h­§Í<©%®H¸“´§¬D§³N¬ :±³u§(´¸a§³Nª«»uª¯­§(¹½®"´H¨§º
©%®†­» à ´“È ü ª«°yÎa®<²a¬Åh²:§²:¬¼®†­%®†±o®<¬h­§3§(ª«±o®†³u§¨“©» à »u³u§º
ÍH»u´<ª¸a§(¬h­«©´¡¸“§Æ²:¬Vª«»uª¯­§(¹½®Dáâ±(´H¬aª«»µÍH®[®H¸aŇ²a»p©»u©
³u´Hª¨§©¹»uª«´Hª¸“§²:¬Ë®<¸a¹»u¬:»uª¯­«©%®<¸a´<©oÎ:¬:´Äª«§©%ݱo®rº
¨®†ã¼¸a§½³µ®<¬:ã(®†©®<±±(»u´H¬:§ªÅh²:§Æ®†­§¬h­§(¬V±(´H¬h­«©%®Ë³µ®
±(§(³µ¸a®Ê¸“§v¨“©§ à §¬:±(»u¾H¬*ÎhᇮŇ²a§±(²:®<³µÅ‡²a»u§©³u³|®†¹½®H¸a®
»u³u§(ÍH°p­»u¹½®ÊÐ:®<±(»µ®"³µ´<ª)±(´H¹¨´<¬:§(¬h­§ª'ª«§©%ÝÊ»u¬h­§©±§(¨aº
­%®H¸a®½á¡±(®<¬a±(§(³µ®H¸a®`¨´<©¶§(³.±(´<¬h­«©´H³
¸a§Ä®<±±(§(ª«´Ë¸“§(³
¬ :±³µ§´aÈ
ü ª«² §(ã<Î*§(ª¯­%®Æ¹§­´‡¸a´<³µ´<ÍH°µ®¼¬:´<ª¶¨§©¹»p­§"²:¬
ª«§(Í<²:¬¸“´Ã ¬a» à §(³¸a§)¨a©´†­§(±(±(»u¾<¬NȇÉ
³:¹§(±o®<¬a»uª«¹´¶»u¬aº
±(´†©¨´<©%®H¸“´§(¬§(³:O¬ a±(³u§(´¶áʳµ®¹´‡¸a²a³µ®†©»µ¸:®<¸ÄÇ®†ª®†º
¸:®)§¬±(´H¹¨´<¬:§(¬h­§ªF¨§©¹»p­§®<¨:³u»u±o®r©.§(³h¨a©»u¬a±(»u¨:»u´
¸a§Ê±(´<¹¨®†©«­»u¹§(¬h­%®†³µ»uão®†±(»u¾H¬å YY(çWÈNÉ
ª¯­§Ä¨a©»u¬a±(»u¨:»u´
¸a§¡ª«§(ÍH²“©»|¸a®H¸Z»µ¬h­§¬h­%®¿¹»u¬:»u¹»uão®†©`§(³¸:.® :´Åh²a§
¨:²a§o¸“§Ëª«§©¼´h±o®†ª«»u´H¬®<¸a´,®â²a¬Ïª«»uª¯­§¹Æ®‡ÎUª«§(ÍH¹§(¬“º
­%Ý<¬:¸a´<³µ´¶§(¬ à ®†©»u´Hª±(´<¹¨´H¬:§¬h­§(ªÅh²a§¨:²:§(¸a§(¬Êª«§©
¨a©´†­§(ÍH»µ¸“´HªF»u¬¸a§¨§(¬¸“»µ§¬h­§(¹§(¬h­§HÈ è §
§ª¯­%®)¹½®†¬:§º
©%®“Îo®<²:¬:Åh²:§²:¬:´¸a§.³µ´<ªF§(³u§(¹§(¬h­´<ªF¸a§³Hª«»µª¯­§¹½®ª«§o®
±(´<¹¨a©´H¹§6­»|¸“´aÎa§³N©§ª¯­´ÄÀÁ²a¬:±(»u´H¬:®†©°µ®<¬Â¸“§3ÀÁ´<©¹½®
±(´<¬aß®†Ç:³u§HÈaÉ.¬¼¬‡²:§(ª¯­«©´"±(®<ª«´Ê¨®†©«­»u±(²a³µ®†©oÎ:¸“» à §©ª«´Hª
±(´<¹¨´H¬:§¬‡­§ª>¸a§³µ®±(§³|¸a®¸a§¨a©§ à §(¬:±»µ¾<¬ª«´H¬"§J·¯§º
±(²“­%®H¸a´<ª±(´<¹½´Ä¨a©´h±(§(ª«´<ª(È è §ß:¬:»u§(¬:¸a´Ä³u´Hªv¨§©¹»pº
ª«´HªÊ®H¸a§±(²®<¸a´Hª"§(¬V§(³U±(´H¬h­«©´<³¸a§Æ®<±±(§(ª«´¡Ç:®<ªÝ<¬“º
¸a´<¬:´<ª)§(¬`§³N»µ¸“§(¬h­»pß±o®<¸a´<©¸a§3¨“©´h±(§(ª«´aÎ:¨´‡¸a§¹´Hª
³u»u¹»u­%®r©§(³
§(¬h­´†©¬:´D¸a§Ä»u¬h­§©%®†±(±(»u¾H¬V¸“§±(®H¸:®¼§(³u§º
¹§(¬h­´Æ¸a§"³µ®Æ±(§(³µ¸:®¼¸“§Ê¨“©§ à §¬:±(»u¾H¬Â±(´H¬¡§(³©§ª¯­´aÈ
U´H¬§ª¯­´±´H¬:ª«§ÍH²a»µ¹´<ªUÅh²:§<ÎHª«»:²a¬Ä»u¬h­«©²:ª«´3ª«§Ð:®†º
±(§±(´H¬Ë§(³F±(´H¬h­«©´<³¸“§²a¬D¨a©´h±(§(ª«´Æ®<ª«´h±(»µ®H¸“´`®Ä²:¬
±(´<¹¨´H¬:§¬‡­§®v­«©%® à à(ª¸a§²:¬Ä¸a§ª«Ç´†©%¸:®†¹»µ§¬h­´¶¸a§
Ç:O² N§©oÎ:¨´<©v§J·¯§(¹¨a³µ´“׍ª¯­%®†©%ݳµ»u¹»p­%®H¸“´Æ®Ê©§o®<³u»uão®r©
®HÅh²a§(³u³|®†ª³u³|®†¹½®H¸a®<ª¸“§ß:¬:»µ¸:®†ª)¨®r©%®Êà(ª¯­§HÈ
è §(¬h­«©´ ¸“§ ¬‡²a§(ª¯­«©%® ¨“©´H¨a²:§(ª¯­%®‡ÎÞ¨´‡¸a§¹´Hª
§@·@§(¹¨:³u»pß±(®†©§(³N¨a©»u¬:±»u¨:»u´½¸a§¶³µ®Ä±(´<¹¨®†©«­»u¹§(¬h­%®rº
³u»uão®<±(»u¾<¬Ë¸“§³µ®ª«»µÍ<²:»u§(¬h­§v¹½®<¬a§©%®“ȇÉ
¬Æ±o®<¸:®±§(³µ¸:®
¸a§U¨a©§ à §(¬a±(»u¾H¬NΆ͆©%®<±(»µ®<ª®†³“±(´H¬h­«©´<³a¸a§'®<±(±§(ª«´aÎH¨´<º
¸a§¹´Hª¶±(´H¬aª«»µ¸a§©%®r©ÄÅh²a§Ä³µ´<ª"®<¬®†³u»µã(®H¸a´†©§(ª"ª«§½§J·¯§º
±(²“­%®<¬¸a§ËÀ‰´<©¹½®â»u¬:¸a§(¨§(¬:¸a»u§(¬h­§Dá5®<»uª«³µ®H¸:®â©§(ª¯º
¨§(±­´Æ®†³Í<§(ª¯­´<©¶¸a§±´‡´<¨§©%®<±(»u¾<¬NÈ Ü ®½¨“©´<­§(±±(»u¾H¬
»u¬:±(³u²a»µ¸:®®¬a» à §(³¸a§³¬ :±(³u§(´§ à »p­%®®<ª«°Åh²:§³u³µ®<¹½®rº
¸:®†ª¨§(³u»uÍ<©´Hª®†ª¶éy±´H¹´¶¨´‡¸“©°µ®¶ª«§©U³µ®3©§(ª«¨´<¬:ª®<Ça³u§
¸a§)³µ®¶±o®<¬a±(§(³µ®<±(»u¾H¬¼¸“§²a¬¨a©´h±(§ª«´hû
ª«§o®¶§@·¯§±(²a­%®<¸:®
¨´<©²:¬Æ¨a©´h±§(ª«´Ä®<ª«´h±(»µ®H¸“´½®²:¬Æ±(´<¹¨´<¬:§¬‡­§Ð:®†º
±(»µ®¶´<­«©´¶§(³u§(¹§(¬h­´aÈ è §)§(ª¯­%®¶¹½®†¬:§©%®‡Îmª«»:²:¬Ä²:ª«²:®†º
©»u´Ê»u³u§(ÍH°p­»u¹´®<¸:Åh²:»u§6©§3§³*±´H¬h­«©´H³*¸a§v²a¬Æ¨a©´h±(§(ª«´
³u»uÍm®H¸“´â®Â²a¬,®<¬:®<³u»µã(®H¸“´<©oάa´¡¨´‡¸“©%ݱo®†¬:±(§³|®r©½³µ®
§@·@§(±(²a±(»u¾H¬Â¸“§(³*ÍH§(ª¯­´†©v¸a§3±(´h´H¨§©%®†±(»u¾H¬*È
ü ¨§ª®†©¶¸“§¨´“¸“§©v§@·¯§±(²a­%®r©¶³u´<ª3§(³u§(¹§¬h­´Hªv¸a§
²:¬:®½±(§(³µ¸a®¼±´H¹´Æª«».ª«§"©§o®†³µ»uão®†ª«§§(¬¡§(ª«¨®†±(»u´Hª¶ª«§º
¨®r©%®H¸“´Hª)Í<©%®<±»|®†ªv®Ê¬‡²a§(ª¯­«©%®"¨a©´H¨a²:§ª¯­%®“Îa¬:´Êª«»u§(¹Äº
¨a©§¡§(ª`¨´<ª«»µÇa³u§Ì±´H¬:ª«»µ¸“§©%®†©Ë²a¬®V»u¬:¸a§(¨§(¬:¸a§(¬a±(»µ®
­´<­%®<³h§(¬h­«©§U±´H¹¨´H¬a§(¬h­§(ª(ÈrÉ
ª>¬:§(±§(ª®†©»u´v¨§©¹»p­»p©
³µ®±(´H¹"²:¬a»µ±(®<±(»u¾H¬½§(¬h­«©§®†³µÍ<²:¬a´Hª¸“§à(ª¯­´HªU¨®†©%®¶§(³
±(´<©«©§±­´vÀÁ²a¬:±»µ´<¬®<¹»u§(¬h­´ÍH³u´<Ç®<³a¸a§U³µ®v±§(³µ¸:®“Èm¦‡»µ¬
§(¹ÊÇ:®†©Í<´aÎh§ª¯­%®±(´<¹Ê²a¬:»u±o®<±»µ¾<¬½¨:²a§o¸a§)ª«§6©U©§(ª¯­«©»u¬aº
ÍH»µ¸:®â§(¬h­«©§Ë±(´<¹¨´<¬:§¬‡­§ªÆ¸a§Ë¹½®<¬a§©%®âÅh²:§<ÎU¨´<©
§@·¯§¹¨:³u´aΓ®<¬:®<³u»uão®H¸“´<©§(ª¨:²:§(¸:®<¬½¨a²:Ça³u»µ±(®†©¹§(¬aª®†º
·¯§(ªÊ¸a»p©»uÍH»µ¸“´HªÄ®<³UÍ<§(ª¯­´<©Ä¸a§½±(´†©«©§(³µ®<±(»u¾H¬®`­«©%® à à(ª
¸a§(³v±(®<¬:®<³3±(´†©«©§(ª«¨´H¬:¸a»u§(¬h­§HÎ'¨§6©´¿¬a´VЮ<±»|®V³µ®<ª
²:¬a»|¸a®H¸“§(ª¸“§3©§ª«¨:²a§(ª¯­%®“È
Ü ®¨a©´†­§(±(±(»u¾H¬Ä¸a§U±(´H¹¨´H¬a§(¬h­§(ª®H¸“´H¨“­%®H¸:®¨:®†º
©%®"¬‡²:§(ª¯­«©%®¨:³µ®r­%®†ÀÁ´†©¹½®Ê¨a³µ®<¬h­§o®Ê®†³µÍ<²:¬a´Hª)¨a©´<Ç:³u§º
¹½®<ª¸a§(ª¸“§§(³¨a²:¬h­´¶¸a§ à »uª¯­%®¸a§)³µ®»u¹¨a³µ§¹§(¬h­%®†º
±(»u¾H¬*È>É.¬Ì¨“©»u¹§©¶³u²:Ím®r©oÎF§(ª¶¬:§(±§(ª®†©»u´Ë¸a§ß:¬:»p©¸“§
ÀÁ´<©¹½®§(ª«¨§(±°uß:±o®Ê±²®<³u§(ª)¸a§(ǧ(¬Æª«§©)³|®†ª)³u³|®†¹½®H¸a®<ª
±(´H¬aª«»µ¸a§©%®<¸:®<ª½±(´<¹´[²:¬:®[®<¹§(¬:®<ão®¡±(²:®<¬:¸a´[ª«´H¬
³µ®<¬:ã(®H¸:®†ªUЮ†±(»µ®¶²:¬Ä§(³u§(¹§(¬h­´¶¸a§)³µ®¶±(§(³µ¸a®¸a§)¨“©§º
ê«´H§(Ǔ¬a©±(§»u¾H±o¬*®HÈ
¸aÉ.®ª¯²:­¬:´Â®©§o¸aÅh§²:³µ»u®†§ª'©§Æ³u³µ®<²:¹½¬¿®H§¸aª¯®<­ª'²¸“Åh»µ²:´Â§)¹¨a©§´H­¨»u±(´†²:©³u±(´H»uª«´<´ º
¬®½§(³.¬ a±(³u§(´Æá¸a§ÊÅh²:§"¹½®†¬:§©%®¨®†©«­»u±(²a³µ®†©¨a²:§º
¸a§(¬Vª«§©®<¨a©´ §(±%ЮH¸a®<ªÄ¸a§½ÀÁ´†©¹½®Â¹½®†³µ»u±(»u´<ª®“
È eÊÎ
§(¬¡ª«§(Í<²:¬:¸a´Æ³u²:à ÍH®†©oÎ*§(ª3¨“©§(±(»uª«´`¸a§ß:¬:»p©3§³.±´H¬h­«©´H³
¸a§®†±(±(§(ª«´½¨:®†©%®Ê±o®H¸a®Ä²a¬®Ä¸“§¶§(ª¯­%®<ª³u³µ®<¹½®H¸a®<ª(È ü
¨§(ª®†©'¸“§)³µ®¸a»pß:±(²:³p­%®H¸Ê§(¬Ä©§³|®†±(»u¾H¬Æ®<³:§(ª¯­²¸“»u´ª«´†º
Ça©§³µ®<ª³µ³µ®†¹½®H¸:®†ªv¸a§(³F¬ a±(³u§(´aÎ:á`³µ®½¸a§ß:¬:»u±(»u¾H¬Â¸“§
ª«²:ª"©§(ª«¨§(±­» à ´<ªÄ±(´H¬h­«©´<³u§(ª½¸“§`®<±±(§(ª«´aÎ
¨´‡¸a§(¹´<ª
±(´H¬aª«»µ¸a§©%®r©D­«©§(ª`¬a» à §(³u§(ª`Ç:Ý<ª«»u±(´<ªË¸a§¡¨“©´<­§(±(±»µ¾<¬
¸a´<¬¸a§Æ¨´“¸“§(¹´Hª"±o®†­%®†³µ´<Ím®†©Æ³µ®†ª½¸a» à §©ª®<ªÄ³u³µ®<¹½®†º
¸:®†ªJ
©´†­§(±(±(»u¾H¬ ¸“§[¨“©´h±(§(ª«´<ªË±©°p­»u±(´<ªJ§¬:ÍH³u´<Ç®
­´‡¸a® ®HÅh²:§(³u³µ®4®†±(±(»u¾H¬+Åh²a§Ï¨a²:§o¸a®Þ®†­§(¬h­%®r©
±´H¬h­«©%®³µ®±(´†©«©§(±­%®§@·¯§(±²:±(»u¾H¬¡¸a§³u´Hª¨a©´h±(§º
ª«´<ª)®†ª«´‡±»|®<¸a´<ª®³µ®±(§(³µ¸:®"¸“§¨a©§ à §(¬:±»µ¾<¬NÎháh®
ª«§(®¨´<©'³|®»u¬h­§©%®†±(±(»u¾H¬¼ª«´<Ça©§v§ª¯­´Hª)®¶­«©%® à à(ª
¸“§ª«?§ ®<³u§(ª(δ³|®Ä¹½®†¬:»u¨:²a³|®†±(»u¾H¬Ë¸a§¶ª«²Ë§ª«¨®†º
±»µ´Ê¸a§v¹§(¹´†©»µ®“È ü ³uÍ<²:¬a´Hª§J·¯§(¹¨a³µ´<ªª«§©°µ®<R¬ J
§J·¯§(±(²a±(»u¾H¬D¸a§v¬‡²:§ à ´Hª'¨“©´HÍ<©%®†¹½®<ª'ᇮ§¬¼¹§º
¹´†©»µ®“αo®<¬a±(§(³µ®†±(»u¾H¬NÎ
¹½®†¬:»u¨:²a³µ®<±(»u¾H¬,¸“§(³'§(ª¯º
¨:®<±(»u´¡¸“§Æ¸“»u©§±(±(»u´H¬a§(ª"á[­«©%®†ão®H¸“´¡¸a§¨a©´h±(§º
ª«´<ª(Χ6­±HÈ
©´†­§(±(±(»u¾H¬Ï¸“§`¹§(±(®<¬:»uª«¹´<ª¸“§`±(´<¹Ê²a¬:»u±o®rº
•
±»µ¾<g¬ Jo©§(±(´HÍ<§U­´‡¸a´®HÅh²:§³h¨a©´h±(§ª«´v¨´†©§(³h±(²:®<³
²a¬ ®†­%®†±o®<¬h­§V±(´<¬:ª«»uÍH²a§,®†³p­§©%®†©oÎvÍH§¬:§©%®r©[´
§³µ»u¹»u¬®r©3±(²:®<³µÅh²:»u§©v­»u¨´Æ¸a§¹§(¬aª®r·¯§»u¬h­§©«º
±(®<¹"Ç:»µ®H¸“´Æ§(¬h­«©§"³u´Hª3§(³u§(¹§(¬h­´<ª¶¸“§"³µ®Æ±(§(³µ¸a®
¸“§3¨a©§ à §(¬:±(»u¾<¬NÈ
©´†­§(±(±(»u¾H¬ ¸a§B®†©±%Ð:» à ´Hª5®<ª«´h±(»µ®H¸“´Hª® ³u´Hª
•
±´H¹¨´H¬a§(¬h­§(ªJ.±(´<¬:ª«»µ¸a§6©%®Ì±²®<³µÅh²:»u§©½®<±±(»u¾H¬
•
¹½®<³u»u¬h­§(¬:±(»u´<¬®H¸a®D¸“»u©»uÍ<»|¸a®DЮ†±(»µ®D³u´Hª®†©±%Ð:»pº
ì:´H§(ª¶¬h­Å‡§²aªU§Ê¸“§)²“­³µ®¶»µ³u»u±(ão§(®†³µ¬Ì¸:®´`¸“¹½§)®<¨a¬a©§»µ¨a²:§(¬:³µ®†±¬[»µ¾<³u¬N´<ÎHª­%±(®†´H³u§(¹ªU¨±(´†´†ºº
¹´Ê®†©±%Ð:» à ´<ª)§@·¯§(±²a­%®<Ça³u§(ª(Îà ¸“§3±(´<¬aßÍ<²a©%®†±(»u¾H¬
´¸a§v©§(Í<»µª¯­«©´“È
¤ (i%W ¤Ï ¥>Õ #ٓÚJÛN¥
hÒÔÓ $
É.¬Ê§(ª¯­%®ª«§(±(±»µ¾<¬Ä¨a©§(ª«§¬h­%®<¹´Hª>Ça©§ §¹§(¬h­§§(³a¸“§º
ª®†©«©´<³u³µ´3Ň²a§ª«§U§(ª¯­%ݳu³u§ à ®<¬:¸a´v®±(®<Çà ´v®<±­²:®<³u¹§(¬“º
­§'¨:®†©%®©§(®<³u»µã(®†©§(³‡±(´H¬h­«©´<³a¸a§'®<±±(§(ª«´3¨a©§(ª«§¬h­%®H¸a´
§(¬Ï³µ®âª«§(±±(»u¾H¬Z®<¬h­§©»u´<©oÈ ®†©%®Ì­%®<³»µ¹¨a³u§(¹§(¬h­%®†º
±(»u¾H¬[¨“©´H¨´H¬a§(¹´Hªv§(³²:ª«´`¸“§(³¹½®†©±(´¼¸a§­«©%®<Ç:®r·¯´
¸a§¹¾“¸“²:³u´Hª.ª«§(ÍH²“©´Hª'¸“§ Ü »u¬‡²aä¼é Ü 7¦ j[Î k ò ì:ï løöð
÷ï‡î ò íyù m ó †7ï µö ñ û3å Yn†çôλu¬h­§(͆©%®H¸“´Æ¸“§¶ª«§©»u§§(¬`³|®†ª
à §6©Ü ª«7¦ »µ´<j¬:§(¬aª´Ê¸a¨“§(³*©´H¬ ¨a´†±(©³u§(±(o´»u´H¬hÈ®"æ‡È ²aä¬¼È ¹§(±(®<¬:»uª«¹´"¸a§v±´H¬aº
­«©´H³¸a§D®<±(±§(ª«´â§(ª«¨§(±(°pß:±(´aΪ«»u¬:´âÅh²:§`¨“©´ à §(§`²:¬
¹½®†©±´D¸a§Ê­«©%®†Ç®r·@´Ë®¼­«©%® Ã àª¸“§Ä²:¬[±(´<¬<·¯²a¬h­´D¸a§
¨:²a¬h­´HªÆ¸“§Â»u¬h­§©±(§¨±(»u¾H¬Z®â³u´V³µ®†©ÍH´,¸“§(³¬ :±³µ§´
¸a§³Fª«»uª¯­§(¹½®Ä´<¨§©%®†­» ´“È è §§(ª¯­%®Ä¹½®<¬a§©%®“Î:§ª¨´<º
ª«»uÇ:³u§v»u¹¨a³µ§¹§(¬h­%®†©±(à ²:®<³µÅh²:»u§©U­»u¨´"¸a§±(´H¬h­«©´<³¸a§
®<±±(§(ª«´apÈ XUÝ<ª«»u±o®<¹§¬h­§5¸“»uª¯­»µ¬aÍH²a§,³µ´<ªÌª«»uÍH²a»µ§¬h­§(ª
¨:²a¬h­´HªÊ¸“§¼»u¬h­§©±§(¨±(»u¾HR¬ J]q ñ rsaóonó r†dñ t Uî ó <î <ú
k ó = ò ì Fu óonó r†dñ t'vò µö ñ ù ñ íJö6ú ñ u óonó r†ñ x
á wö6í y ó î r
È
saóonó r†ñ
É
ª¯­´<ªÄ¨:²a¬h­´Hª"¨§©¹»p­»u©%݆¬¿§(ª¯­%®†Ç:³u§(±(§6©½¨“©´<­§(±6º
±(»u¾H¬V§(¬V³u´Hª­«©§(ª"¬a» à §(³u§(ªÊÅh²:§§(¬‡²a¬:±(»µÝ†Ç®<¹´<ª§(¬
³µ®ª«§(±(±»µ¾<¬Ä®†¬h­§©»u´<©oÈ ü ¸a»u±(»u´<¬®<³u¹§(¬h­§<Î Ü 7¦ jS´†­´<©«º
Ím®²a¬Ë±(´<¬<·@²:¬h­´Æ¸“§Ç§¬:§ß:±(»u´Hªv®¬‡²:§ª¯­«©%®»u¹¨a³µ§6º
¹§(¬h­%®†±(»u¾H¬ÄÅh²:§®rß®<¬aão®<¬Ê¬‡²:§(ª¯­«©´<ª
´<Ǔ·¯§6­» à ´Hª(ÈhÉ.¬
¨a©»u¹§©v³µ²aÍm®r©oÎN»u¬h­«©´‡¸a²a±(§"²:¬®½±(®†©Ím®¼¹°u¬a»µ¹½®Ä§(¬
§(³Nª«»uª¯­§(¹½®Ê§(¬D±´H¹¨®r©%®<±(»u¾H¬Ë®Ê²:¬`¬ :±(³u§´ª«»u¬Dª«´<º
¨´<©«­§Æ¨®r©%® Ü &¦ j[ά:´Â»uO¬ z²aám§(¬¸“´Ë±´H¬:ª«»µ¸“§©%®<Ça³µ§6º
¹§(¬h­§§(¬³u´Hª­»u§(¹¨´<ªU¸“§³u´HªU¨“©´h±(§(ª«´<ª¸“§¸“§­§(±º
±(»u¾H¬áÄ©§o®†±(±(»u¾H¬*ÈaÉ.¬Æª«§ÍH²:¬:¸a´³µ²aÍm®r©oΓ§³¹§(±(®<¬:»uª¯º
¹´¡¸“§¼±(´<¬h­«©´H³)¸a§¼®<±±(§(ª«´[¨:²a§o¸a§Æª«§©Ä»u¬h­§(Í<©%®<¸a´
§(¬[§(³.ª«»µª¯­§¹½®¼±(´H¹´¼²:¬¡¹¾‡¸a²:³u´“Î*ª«»u¬Ì¬:§±(§(ª«»µ¸:®<¸
¸a§v©§(±(´H¹¨a»u³|®r©§(³N¬ a±(³u§(´¸a§(³*ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®Ê´H¨§©%®†­» ´aÎ
©§À‰´<©ão®†¬¸a´Ì®†ª«°)³µ®¡¹´‡¸a²a³µ®†©»µ¸:®<¸V§`»u¬:¸a§(¨§(¬:¸a§Ã ¬aº
±(»µ®¼§¬h­«©§Ê±(´<¹½¨´<¬:§(¬h­§ª¶Åh²a§"§(¬‡²:¬a±(»µÝ<Ç:®<¹´Hªv»µ¬a»pº
±(»µ®<³u¹§(¬h­§<È ´<{© a³p­»µ¹´“ÎáD®Æ¸“»uÀ‰§©§(¬a±(»µ®¼¸“§´<­«©%®†ª
¨a©´<¨:²a§(ª¯­%®<ªU¨:®†©%® Ü »µ¬‡²“ä`å \“Î |†çô·±²aᇮ†ªU»u¹¨a³µ§¹§(¬aº
­%®<±»µ´<¬:§(ª3©§oÅh²:»u§©§(¬[³µ®¼¹´‡¸“»uß:±o®<±»µ¾<¬Ì¸a§Ä®<³uÍ<²:¬®†ª
ÀÁ²a¬:±(»u´<¬®<³u»µ¸:®<¸a§ª)¸a§³µ® à §©ª«»u¾H¬Æ´†©»µÍ<»u¬®<g³ ‡È æ‡È äƸ“§(³
¬:±³µ§´aÎ:¨a©´<¨´<©±(»u´<¬®Ä²:¬`®<³p­´Í†©%®H¸a´¸a§}z§ä“»uÇ:»u³u»pº
¸:®<¸Âᨴ<©«­%®<Ça»u³µ»µ¸a®H¸Ì®¼¬‡²a§(ª¯­«©%®Æ»u¹½¨a³u§(¹§(¬h­%®<±»µ¾<¬
®­«©%® à(ª.¸“§U³|®±´H¬:±§(¨±(»u¾H¬Ä¸“§U²:¬¹½®†©±(´Í<§(¬:à6©»µ±´
¨®r©%®Êà §(³*±(´H¬h­«©´<³F¸a§¶®<±±(§(ª«´aÈ
User Level process
User space
open system call
Kernel space
look up inode
error checks
DAC checks
LSM hook
LSM Module Policy Engine
"OK with you?"
Yes or No
Examine context.
Does request pass policy?
Grant or deny.
access inode
~*nplo‚Hs@t"•G€N‚mkreJ{o€gmcnpk†eJcsJ~cd‡~%npokÄgmcS…‚
Ü ®Ä®†Ç:ª¯­«©%®†±(±(»u¾H¬ËÅh²:§3¨“©´H¨´†©±(»u´H¬® Ü 7¦ j ®­«©%®†º
ùà(§oª`¸a¸“»u§(§¡¬¡ª«§(²Z¬h­«»u©¬‡§Ä­§6³u´<©«Àyª®<ã<²aÎ)ª«²¨®r§6©©»µ¹´<ª¶»u­á¡§¡³uÅh´H²aª§¡´HǓ³u´H·@ª`§­´H¹ª¾‡»u¸a¬h²a­§³µ´<©«ªº
¬:´<ªv¸“§(³F¬ a±(³u§(´½¸“§(³Fª«»uª¯­§(¹½®Ä´<¨§©%®†­» ´“È ®†©%®§(ª¯º
­´aÎm¨“©§ à »µ´¶®<±(±(§ª«´"®†³´<Ǔ·@§­´»u¬h­§©¬:´“Îmà §(³:¨a²:¬h­´¶¸“§
»u¬‡­§6©±(§(¨±(»u¾H¬³u³µ®<¹½®[®¡²a¬®ËÀÁ²a¬:±»µ¾<¬5Åh²:§¼§(³¹¾<º
¸a²a³µ´â¸a§(ǧD¨a©´ à §(§6©½á5Åh²:§Dª«§©%Ý̳|®[©§(ª«¨´H¬aª®<Ç:³u§
¸a§`±(´H¬a±(§o¸“§©Æ´â¸“§(¬a§(Ím®r©Æ§(³®<±(±(§ª«´aÈ'É
¬³µ®[ß:ÍH²“º
©%C® Y3¨´‡¸a§(¹´<ª´<Ç:ª«§© à ®r©§(ª¯­%®"»µ¸a§o®‡Îa§(¬¼³µ®ÄÅh²:§²:¬
¹¾‡¸a²:³u´Æ©§(ÍH»uª¯­«©%®`²:¬®½ÀÁ²a¬:±(»u¾H¬Ì¨®r©%®¼©§(®<³u»uão®†©"²:¬
±(´H¬h­«©´<³Uª«´HǓ©§½³u´Hª ì ¸“§(³ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®Ë¸“§Äß±%Ð:§6º
©´Hª(È ü ª«² à §(ã<Î Ü &¦ j ò ó ¨§ó<©ñ ¹»p­§±(´<¬:ª«§© à ®r©¶§(³±(´<¬aº
­«©´H³a¸a§®†±(±(§(ª«´¸“»uª«±©§(±(»u´H¬:®<³Fé è ü Îmõ ò ÷î«ö6í òôó ì †î6ù
ƒ ÷÷6ö
ì:íyî yûÅh²:§ Ü »u¬‡²a佨a©´<¨´<©±(»u´H¬:®“ή<³*»u¬aº
­§©¨´Hñ¬añ §„.©ª«ó §§(¬hó ­«©§¸a»u±%Ð:´ è ü Ïá`§(³>´<Ǔ·¯§6­´Æ§¬Ëª«»yÈ
è §v§(ª¯­%®"¹½®<¬a§©%®“·ª«»*²a¬¼²aª«²®†©»u´Ê¬:´­»u§(¬a§3¨§©¹»pº
ª«´Hª§(¬¼©§(³µ®<±(»u¾H¬Â®Ê²:¬D¸“§­§©¹»u¬®<¸a´Ä®r©±6Ða» à ´aÎ:¨´<©
§@·¯§¹¨:³u´aÎN§(³ è ü ¸“§(³
ª«»µª¯­§¹½®`´H¨§©%®r­» à ´D³µ§½¸“§º
¬:§(ÍH®†©%Ý̧³®<±(±§(ª«´Vª«»u¬5³u³µ®<¹½®r©¼®[³µ®[À‰²:¬a±(»u¾H¬ÏÅh²:§
©§(ÍH»uª¯­«©¾Ê§(³¹¾‡¸a²a³µ´ Ü 7¦ j[ȓÉ
ª¯­%®"®†©%Åh²a»u­§±­²a©%®¶©§º
¸a²a±(§³µ®±(®†©Ím®"Åh²:§ª«§»µ¬h­«©´‡¸“²:±(»p©°µ®§(¬½§(³ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®
§(¬½±(´H¹¨:®†©%®†±(»u¾H¬¼®¶²:¬±(´H¬h­«©´H³¸a§®<±±(§(ª«´"¨®r©%®³µ®
¨a©´†­§(±(±(»u¾H¬Æ¸“§³u´HªU±´H¹¨´H¬a§(¬h­§(ª
±(§¬‡­«©%®†³u»µã(®H¸a´§¬
³µ®Æ»u¬h­§©«Ày®†ã¸“§"³u³µ®<¹½®H¸a®<ª¶¸“§(³ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®½´<¨§©%®†­» à ´“È
É
¬Ê§(ª¯­§S:³p­»u¹´v±o®†ª«´aÎm³µ®†ª±´<©«©§(ª«¨´<¬¸a»u§(¬h­§ª
±(´H¹Äº
¨a©´<Ç®<±»µ´<¬:§(ª®†ª«´h±(»µ®H¸a®<ªv®Ê³µ®Ê¨a©´<­§±(±(»u¾H¬Dª«»u§(¹¨a©§
ª«§D©§o®†³u»µã(®†©°µ®<¬ÏáhÎ
¨´<ª¯­§©»u´<©¹§(¬h­§Dª«§D±(§o¸“§©°µ®Ì§(³
±(´H¬h­«©´<³F®†³*¹§(±o®<¬a»uª«¹´ è ü 5¸a§(³ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®"´H¨§©%®rº
­» à ´aÎ*³u´DÅh²a§Êª«²a¨´H¬:¸“©°µ®½©§o®<³u»uão®r©oÎF§(¬[³µ®¼¹½®(áh´†©°µ®
¸a§ à §(±§(ª(Î:²a¬¼­«©%®†Ç®r·@´»u¬:¬a§(±(§(ª®r©»µ´“È
Ü ´Hªv±(´<¹¨´<¬:§(¬h­§ªv¸a§³µ®½±(§(³µ¸:®Æ¸“§"¨“©§ §¬:±(»u¾H¬
¸a§(ǧ6©%Ý<¬¨´‡¸a§©F©§o®†³µ»uão®r©
´<¨§6©%®<±(»u´H¬a§(ªª«´H³u´và ¨§©¹»pº
­»µ¸:®†ª
¨®r©%®3§³:®H¸“¹»µ¬a»uª¯­«©%®H¸a´†©¸a§(³“ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®Êéy±(´H¹´“Î
¨´<©§@·@§(¹¨:³u´“Îaß³p­«©%®H¸“´¸a§3¨®<Ň²a§­§(ª(Îa±o®†¬:±(§³|®†±(»u¾H¬
¸a§3±(²:®<³µÅh²:»u§©¨“©´h±(§(ª«´“׍­±oû6ÈÉ.ª¯­´Ä»u¹¨:³u»u±o®†©%ÝÄÅh²a§
³u´Hª¨a©´h±§(ª«´Hª'¸“§)ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®¶®†ª«´‡±»|®<¸a´<ª®3³u´Hª±(´H¹¨´†º
¬:§¬h­§(ªª«§³µ®<¬aão®†©%݆¬±´H¹´vª«»‡ÀÁ²a§(ª«§§(³a®H¸“¹»µ¬a»uª¯­«©%®†º
¸a´†©"¸“§(³
ª«»uª¯­§¹Æ®`Åh²:»u§(¬¡©§(®<³u»uão®<ª«§­%®<³
´H¨§©%®†±(»u¾H¬NÈ
è §³u´Æ±´H¬h­«©%®†©»u´aΪ«»®<ª«´h±(»µÝ†©%®<¹´<ª¶²a¬Ë²:ª«²®r©»u´Æ¬:´
¨a©» à »u³u§(ÍH»µ®H¸“´Ì¨:®†©%®¡±(®H¸a®¡±(´<¹½¨´<¬:§(¬h­§<Χ(³¹§(±o®rº
¬:»uª«¹´ è ü ^¸a§ Ü »u¬‡²“äâ¬:´Â¨§©¹»p­»u©°µ®Ë³µ®¡§J·¯§(±²aº
±(»u¾H¬Ì¸“§Ä¸“§­§©¹»u¬®<¸:®<ªv³u³µ®<¹½®H¸a®<ª(ÈNÉ.³.±(´H¬h­«©´<³
¸a§
®<±±(§(ª«´`»u¬h­§©¬:´¼®<³.¬ a±(³u§(´¼ª«§ÊÇ:®<ª®†©%݇ÎN¨´<©v­%®<¬h­´aÎ
§(¬§(³3»µ¸a§¬h­»uß:±o®H¸“´<©D¸a§Â¨a©´h±(§(ª«´Bé ê è KÎ 'î ó ÷%ö ññ
?ë hö6ìaí ö6î<ûÅh²a§Ê©§o®<³u»uão®Ë³µ®`³u³µ®<¹½®H¸a®¼áÌÅh²:§Ä§ª¯­%®†º
©%ÝÊ®†ª«´hò ±(»µ®H¸a´®"²a¬¼±(´<¹¨´H¬:§¬h­§v§ª«¨§±(°pß±(´“È'®<¸:®
ÀÁ²a¬:±(»u¾<¬Ä©§(ÍH»uª¯­«©%®H¸a®¶¨´†©²:¬Ä¹¾‡¸“²:³u´ Ü 7¦ j[Îh¸“§­§©«º
¹»u¬®r©%Ý¡Åh²:àƱ(´H¹¨´<¬:§(¬h­§½©§o®†³u»µã(®Ì³µ®¡³u³µ®<¹½®<¸:®¡®
¨®r©«­»p©"¸a§Äª«² ê è áhÎN®`¨:®†©«­»p©"¸a§Ä§ª¯­´aÎ>®<¨a³u»µ±(®†©%Ý
§(³N±(´H¬h­«©´<³>¸a§®<±(±§(ª«´½Ç®<ªÝ†¬¸“´Hª«§­%®†¹ÊÇa»µà¬D§¬D³µ´<ª
¨®r©%Ý<¹§­«©´<ªÆ¸a§D³µ®Ì³µ³µ®†¹Æ®<¸:®‡È ü ª«°yÎU¨´†©Æ§@·¯§¹¨:³u´aÎ
²:¬â±(´<¹¨´H¬a§(¬h­§¨´“¸‡©%ÝË®<±(±(§(¸a§©Ä®Dª«²:ªÊ®r©±6Ða» à ´Hª
¸a§3±(´<¬aß:ÍH²a©%®†±(»u¾H¬*Ψ§©´Ê¬:´Ä®Ê³u´Hª¸“§¶´†­«©´aÈ
+v¬D®<ª«¨§±­´½®Ê­§(¬a§©§(¬D±(²a§(¬h­%®Ä¸a§ª¸a§¶§(³N¨:²a¬aº
­´¸a§ à »uª¯­%®Ä¸a§3³µ®Ä»u¹¨:³u§(¹§(¬h­%®†±(»u¾H¬NΓ§(ª³µ®Ê¨a©´H¨a»µ®
®H¸“¹»u¬:»uª¯­«©%®<±(»u¾<¬¡¸“§³u´<ªv±(´H¬h­«©´<³u§(ª3¸a§®†±(±(§(ª«´½á`³µ®
ÍH§ª¯­»µ¾<¬,¸a§±o®H¸a®Ë²a¬®D¸a§½³µ®<ª"±(§³|¸a®<ªÊ¸a§¨a©§ à §(¬aº
±(»u¾H¬*ÈOU´H¹´¶§ä“¨´H¬a°µ®<¹´Hª
§(¬³µ®¶ª«§(±(±»µ¾<¬¼®†¬h­§©»u´<©oÎ
³u´HªÆ®<¸a¹»u¬:»uª¯­«©%®<¸a´<©§ª½¬a´Ì¸a§(ǧ(¬,ª«§©½±o®<¨:®<±(§ªÆ¸a§
³µ®<¬aão®†©¬:»u¬:Í<²:¬:®v³u³µ®<¹½®H¸a®¶¸“§(³aª«»uª¯­§(¹½®3Åh²:§®†­§(¬h­§
±(´<¬h­«©%®v³µ®v±(§³|¸a®3¸“§'¨a©§ §(¬:±(»u¾<¬NÎ<§ »p­%®†¬¸a´v®<ª«°:Åh²a§
­%®<¹"Ç:»uà(¬Æ³u´ÄЮ†Ím®Ê²a¬¼»u¬hà ­«©²:ª«´Ê§(¬¼Ã±o®†ª«´½Åh²a§3§ª«±o®<³u§
ª«²:ªN¨a©» à »µ³u§(Í<»u´Hª.®³u´Hª¸“§(³h®H¸“¹»µ¬a»uª¯­«©%®H¸a´†©oÈrÉ
ª¯­§Ða§º
±%Ð:´3ª«§)±(´H¬h­«©%®†¨´<¬:§)±´H¬³µ®3ÍH§ª¯­»µ¾<¬Æ¸“§)³µ®3±(§³|¸a®vᇮ
Åh²:§HÎhª«»²a¬¼®<¸a¹»u¬:»uª¯­«©%®<¸a´<©'¬:´¨:²a§o¸a§»u¬‡­§6©%®<±­²:®†©
±(´<¬[³u´<ª¶±(´<¹¨´<¬:§(¬h­§ª(έ%®†¹¨´h±(´Æ¨´‡¸“©%Ý©§o®<³u»uão®r©
¬:»u¬aÍ :¬D¨a©´h±(§(ª«´Æ¸a§ÍH§(ª¯­»u¾H¬ËáD±(´<¬aß:ÍH²a©%®†±(»u¾H¬Âª«´<º
Ça©§³µ®¶±§(³µ¸:®“È ®r©%®¶ª«´H³ à §¬h­%®†©§(ª¯­%®¶¨“©´HÇa³µ§¹½Ý†­»u±o®“Î
Ð:§¹´Hª3»µ¬h­«©´‡¸“²:±(»µ¸“´`²:¬[¹§±o®<¬a»µª«¹´¼¸a§®†²a­§(¬h­»pº
±o®†±(»u¾H¬¼­§(¹¨´<©%®<³Ç®†ª®H¸a´Ê§(¬¼§³*»µ¸a§¬h­»uß:±o®H¸“´<©¸“§(³
ûµ¸a§§(¬¬h¸a­§(»pß:¸a±o´<®H©3¸“¸“´<§"©²:¸a¬¡§¨“¸“©»µ´“ª«¨¸“´<²:ª«±6»p­­´a» Ã È F´ ü +¶ª«°yÎH7¦ ¹½XÎ*»u§®†¬‡ª«­«°.©%®†±(ª.´<¹§(³:´Æ¸“»uª«ª¯² º
¨´Hª«»p­» ´§(ª¯­àv±´H¬:§±­%®H¸“´Ê®<³ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®‡Î‡§(³®H¸“¹»u¬:»uª¯º
­«©%®H¸“´<©Ã Í<´Hão®r©%ݽ¸a§¶³u´Hª¨“©» à »u³u§(Í<»µ´<ª}a¬:»u±o®"ἧä“±(³u²aº
ª«» à ®<¹§(¬h­§`¬a§(±(§(ª®r©»u´HªÆ¨®r©%®Ì³µ®[¹½®<¬:»u¨a²:³µ®<±(»u¾<¬á
ÍH§ª¯­»µ¾<¬D¸a§v³µ®"±§(³µ¸:®“ÈaÉ
¬¼§³¹´H¹§(¬h­´Åh²:§§(³*¸“»uª¯º
¨´Hª«»p­» à ´3ª«§(®©§­»p©%®H¸“´aÎH³µ®<ª©§(ª¯­«©»u±(±(»u´H¬a§(ª à ´H³ à §6©%Ý<¬
®ª«²½¬:´†©¹½®<³u»µ¸:®H¸È‡É
¬½³µ®¶ßÍ<²a©%®…3ª«§¹Ê²a§(ª¯­«©%®¶±(´†º
¹´²a¬®UÀÁ²a¬:±»µ¾<¬¶©§(Í<»µª¯­«©%®<¸:®)¨´<©F²a¬¶¹¾‡¸a²a³µ´ Ü ¦7j
Ю†Ç:»u³u»p­%®Ä³µ®Ê¹´‡¸a»pß±(®<±(»u¾H¬D¸“§¶²a¬D®r©±6Ða» à ´¸“§¶±´H¬aº
ßÍ<²a©%®†±(»u¾H¬NÈ
Operating System
DAC
DENY
Operating System
returns with error
NO
Call the original
kernel syscall
ACCEPT
Does admin.
do the syscall?
NO
YES
Does a
prevention
cell process do
the call?
Call against a
prevention cell
component?
NO
YES
ACCEPT
Call the original
kernel syscall
Acces Control
based on the
syscall parameters
YES
DENY
NO
Is the
authentication
USB device
connected?
YES
Possible system
compromissed
~nplo‚ms@t]†“{okreJsJ{owgmct(~~c€@{ckÄwut3}¶{†gmn ‡h~%t(~npokÄgmc
‚mkÄt(sW~mˆ n Œr{¶gHc~%{okh‡ lo‚msJto~nuok
N× ¥UÙO%J£¢HÚW×F¥U :¢
‹ §(¹´<ªÂ¨“©§(ª«§(¬h­%®H¸“´Ï²:¬:®Ï®†©%Åh²a»u­§±­²a©%®5¨:®†©%®5³µ®
¨a©§ à §(¬:±»µ¾<¬¡á˨a©´†­§(±(±(»u¾H¬Ì¸a§Ê®†­%®HÅh²a§(ª3±(´h´<©%¸“»µ¬:®†º
¸a´<ªÊÅh²a§¨a©´<¨´<©±(»u´H¬:®Ë¨“©´<­§(±±(»u¾H¬¿®D³u´Hª±(´H¹¨´<º
¬:§(¬h­§ª3Åh²:§³µ®Æ±(´<¬aÀ‰´<©¹½®<¬*È è »u±%Ю½¨“©´<­§(±±(»u¾H¬¡ª«§
Ç®†ª®Â§(¬V²a¬V±(´<¬h­«©´H³¸“§¼®†±(±(§(ª«´¡»u¬h­§(Í<©%®<¸a´Â§(¬V§(³
¬:±(³u§(´"¸“§(³ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®´<¨§6©%®†­» ´“·©§À‰´<©ão®†¬¸a´"¬‡²:§ª¯º
­«©´D´HǓ·@§­» à ´Â¸“§¹´‡¸a²a³|®r©»µ¸:à ®H¸[§»u¬¸“§(¨§(¬:¸a§(¬a±(»µ®
§(¬h­«©§U±(´H¹¨´<¬:§(¬h­§(ª(È ü ª«°‡¹»uª«¹´“Îr§(ª¯­%®¹§­´‡¸“´H³u´<º
ÍH°µ®¨§©¹»p­§³|®¶»u¬:±³µ²aª«»u¾H¬Æ¸a§)§(³u§(¹§(¬h­´Hª¸a§­§©±(§º
©%®<ª
¨®r©«­§(ª¸a§'À‰´<©¹½®3±´H¬“ß®<Ça³u§)ª«»u¬Ä©§o®†³u»µã(®†©'͆©%®<¬aº
¸a§(ª±o®<¹"Ç:»u´Hª)§¬`³|®Ê»u¬aÀ|©%®<§(ª¯­«©²a±­²a©%®‡È
ü ²:¬:Åh²:§¬‡²a§(ª¯­«©%®¨“©´H¨a²:§(ª¯­%®Ç®<ª®<¸:®§(¬"§(³“±(´<¬aº
­«©´H³¸a§D®<±(±§(ª«´V®[¬a» à §(³¸a§³)¬ :±(³u§(´Ì¸a§(³)ª«»uª¯­§(¹½®
´H¨§©%®r­» à ´Ë´†À‰©§(±§Æ²a¬®¼¨a©´†­§(±(±»µ¾<¬¿®`³u´<ª±(´H¹¨´<º
¬:§(¬h­§ª¶¸“§"¬‡²:§(ª¯­«©%®½¨a³|®r­%®†À‰´<©¹½®“Î*¬:®H¸a®½Ím®†©%®†¬h­»µã(®
Åh²:§½²:¬:® ²a³u¬:§©%®†Ç:»u³u»|¸a®H¸â§(¬Và(ª¯­§¼¬a´Â¨§©¹»p­%®Ë®
²:¬Â²:ª«²:®†©»uà ´¼Ð®†±(§©ª«§Ê±(´H¬¡§(³±(´H¬h­«©´<³
¸a§"³u´Hª3±(´H¹Äº
¨´H¬:§¬h­§(ªU¸a§)²:¬:®¶±(§³|¸a®¸“§¨“©§ à §(¬a±(»u¾H¬*È ´<©'§(³u³u´aÎ
§(ª¯­%®<¹´<ª'§(ª¯­²¸“»µ®<¬¸“´"¹§6­´“¸“´H³u´HÍ<°|®†ª(Îa±(´H¹´³µ®­´<º
³u§©%®<¬a±(»µ®Â®¼»µ¬h­«©²aª«»u´H¬:§ª½å “gÎ a'Î Y(ý<çôÎ>Åh²:§Ê¬:´Hª±(´<¬aº
¸a²aã(±o®<¬¡®©§À‰´<©ão®†©³µ®½ª«§(ÍH²“©»µ¸:®H¸¡¸a§³µ®Æ¨:³µ®r­%®†ÀÁ´†©«º
¹½®Ë§(¬,Í<§(¬:§6©%®<³yÎ
§ à »p­%®<¬¸“´[Åh²:§Æ²a¬®Ë±(§(³µ¸:®Â±(´H¹Äº
¨a©´<¹§­»µ¸:®v¨´<©²a¬®3¸a§6ß±(»u§(¬a±(»µ®®rÀÁ§(±6­§®<³aÀÁ²a¬:±»µ´†º
¬®†¹»µ§¬‡­´"ÍH³u´HÇ:®<³F¸a§3³µ®®r©%Åh²:»p­§(±­²“©%®“È
‰.Ò"Š
Ÿ¡ ,Œ¯ :Öh :¥UÙaÚL#¢
å Yç"¦
È XUЮr­«­%®<±%Юr©«á‡® ®†¬¸ þ"È9e§HÈ è §(ª«»uÍ<¬
´<Àv©´HÇa²:ª¯­oÎ
ª«²a© à » à ®<Ça³µ§`»u¬h­«©²:ª«»u´<¬Ï¸“§­§(±­»u´H¬
®<ÍH§¬h­oÈ)êJŽ¬  ñ í ƒ ñò HðTH÷ ò ÷ „
ó ìG(ö6îö6ì÷%ö ó ì
ë%ì:íJö? höìaí ƒ hö6ì:íiqö«÷ ì <ù<Î ‹ ´<¬:Í-‘v´H¬aÍaÎ
è §(±(§¹Êò ǧ{© YG[[[“È s ó ó
å rç ÈÉ.ª¯­§ à §(ª¯Lº ’
§©»uª«ª«»u¹½´“Î,þÈ Q §©«©§(»p©%®þ§º
¸ j[È ²a¨´†”º U´<©«©§(»µ®“È êJ¬h­«©²:ª«»u´H¬“º
ÃF§(´<ª(³uÎħ©%®<®<¬:¬h­“
ü ©±%Ð:»p­§(±6­²a©§(ª JU´H¬a±(§(¨“­ª.®<¬:¸ è §º
ª«»µÍ<¬NbÈ N§(±%Ð:¬a»µ±(®<³©§(¨´<©«­oOÎ U´H¹¨:²“­§©¦‡±(»u§(¬:±§
è §(¨®r©«­¹§(¬h­oÎ +v¬:» à §©ª«»p­@áÊ´†À Ü »µª«Ç´H®“Î ´<©«­²aº
Ím®<³yÎ ü ¨a©»ub³ .ccHý‡È
å ý†pç •aRÈ –3®r©±(°µ®“Î Q È ü ²“­«©§(³yÎ •aÈ XU´†©«©§(³u³ôÎ*¦È '®<ª¯­»pº
³µ³u´“Î Q È U²a¨:¨§(¬aª(ή<¬:¸ –"È:þ3® ®†©«©´“È è §(±(§¬aº
­«©%®<³u»uã(§o¸[¨a²:Ça³u»µª«Ð“ºWª«²:Ç:ª«±6©»µÇ§"ª¯Ãᓪ¯­§(¹­´¼¨“©§º
¸“»u¬®r­§o¸V®r­«­%®<˜± —‡ª à »µ®D®<³u§©«­"±´<©«©§º
ó|®r§(­¬h»u´H­¬N±(È^´h´<êJ©%¬š
™†í s ë%ìaíJö6î6ì,<í òôó ì, „
ó ìG(ö6îö6ì÷%ö
ó÷ï“ì`î ë%íyGì ù† :Î ó œvî6aú ±6­<´Hí Çòôó §›ì }© .<cì c “„
È ó ú"úÊï‡ì ò d÷ <í òyó ì ñ øöð
ò
å <ç Q 
È –v´H¬aÍaž
Î ‘ĝ
È –v´<ª«§ ®†º ´H¨aª¯­´†·«®†¬:´ ®“Î
‘Äi
È ’®<»µ¸“áh®<¬®r­Ð®†¬NiÎ ‘ÄiÈ Né» à §(¸a»yÎ Q iÈ Ÿâ®†¬:à ÍaÎ
¸ XRÈ j`²“­Ð‡²:ª®<¹áhSÈ UЮr©%®<±­§º
7È Ÿâ®<¬:͓ή†¬f
©»µã»µ¬aÍVêJ¬h­«©²:ª«»u´H¡
¬ N´<³µ§6©%®<¬h­D¦‡á“ª¯­§(¹aª +vª«»u¬:Í
®Z¦‡­%®r­¢§ *©%®<¬:ª«»p­»u´H£
¬ j`´‡¸“§(³yÈ!êJ¬^õ ƒ-¤ ƒ
ë%Gì  ó î%ú †í òôó ìÆø:î ò .=¥ ò ò íyù „
ó ì oö6îö6ì÷6{ö †ì ë §Áõë%ø ¦
© ðÁë««ë ªoÎ ü ¬:®<Ða§(»u¹DÎ
¦ l í ì 뫨
'®<³u»pó<ÀÁ´<ñ©ò ¬:òy»µó ®“Î:•<²:¬:§]ccOY<„ È
å _rpç XSÈ Ÿ È Ü ®<¹¨aª«´H¬*È ©´<­§(±6­»u´H¬NÈ ê@¬ ƒ „ m
ø“.ë ¬{­'U®
ø ­aö6î <í ì `ø:ù íJö6ú ¤ öLð ö y
Î ´<º
³µ²a¹P§ |“é Yrû6Î:¨:®<ÍH§]ª ò YG|G¯O.“ñ :Î •H®<¬‡ñ ²®r©«Zá YGò [=\naÈÃ
å æ†ç è &È j`´h´†©§HÎ –"OÈ ’
´h§(³ —m§©oÎa®†¬¸`¦È:¦“® à ®†ÍH§HÈ>ê@¬“º
ÀÁ§©«©»u¬:Íê@¬h­§©¬a§­¸a§¬:»µ®<³N´<À
ª«§6© à »u±(§®<±6­» à »p­@ámÈ
ê@±
¬ ° ö6ì løö«÷ï‡î íyùøaù†}ú ó<ñò ï‡úÊÎ Ÿâ®<ª«Ð:»u¬aÍ<º
­´H¬NÎ ñè È Îò .ccYHÈ ò
å \rpç vgÈ œv¬:®<Ça²a­%®“Î vÈê@¬a´H²a§Hή†¬›¸ j[È ü ª® —<®‡È ü
¬ j`§(±%Ð:®<¬:»uª«¹ ÀÁ´†©,®†¬^ê@¬h­«©²:ª«»u´<¬
©´†­§(±­»u´H²
è 6§ ­§(±­»u´H¬ ¦hᓪ¯­§(¹³X'®†ª«§o¸ ´<¬´jD®<¬:¸:®†­´†©«á
ü ±(±§(ª«ªµU´H¬h­«©´H³yÈhê@¬C¶Hí s ƒ ìaì:ï7 „
ó ú}ï‡íJö6î
øö÷ï‡î ò íyùÂë%ì÷ ò hö6ìaí}u]†ìO ò ì „
ó ìG(ö6îö6ì÷%örû6Î
N´H²a³u´H²:ª«§<Î Q ©%®†¬:±(§<,Î •H²:¬ap
§ .ccYHÈ
å |rç ü ,È œ­«­o·È 'Ð:§ ´H³up§ U´H¹¨:®†­»uÇ:»u³u»p­@áD¦“§±(²a©»p­Já
j`´‡¸“§(³yȓêJf
¬ ¸rí s w ó î ò ÷ ¹ ó î r†ñ s“ó ó ìÄøö«÷ï‡îö
ë q¡øaù ñ íJö6ú ñ Î ‘®†©³uª¯­%®<¸*Îh¦ ºU§o¸a§¬NÎ<þv´ à §¹Êǧ©
å [rç…X.cÈ>c=¦‡h±6È Ða¬:§(»u§©oÎN®<¬M¸ •abÈ ‘¶§³µª«§6áhCÈ ©«áa¨“­´H͆©%®<¨aº
Ða»u±¦“²:¨a¨´<©«­À‰´<©'¦“§±(²a©§ Ü ´HÍ<ª
´Ha¬ +¬h­«©²:ª¯­§o¸
jD®†±6Ða»u¬:§(ª(ÈêJ)
¬ ¸rí °Nø ¦ wë © øö«÷ï“î íyùÄø:ù†úÄð
ó<ñò 
ú Uî ó ÷6öö ò s ì ñ ÎF¦“®<¬ ü ¬h­´H¬:»u´“ò :Î F§6ä:®†ª(Î
•m®†¬‡²®r©«Z
á YG[[|“È
åYGc†…ç v}È F® —<®<¸:®‡Î3®†¬¸ ‹ KÈ ‘v´<I» —H§HÈþvê –3É Ü œP–…J
©´<­§±­»u¬:Í Ü ´HÍ<ÍH»u¬:Í4êJ¬aÀ‰´<©¹½®†­»u´H¬SÇhá ‹ »pº
¸“»u¬:Í j`²:³p­»u¨:³uo§ X'®<˜± —‡²:¨:ª¶»u¬ è »p©§(±6­´<©»u§(ªê@¬
=»rí s ë%ìaíJö6î6,ì <í òôó ,ì …¹ ó î r†ñ saó ó ìÌp
õ †Lí =¥˜<ð
ñ© Pö ƒ]<¼,ì ¼ ªoÎ ¦ Q l³µa´†ö6©î%§(í¬:øa±§Hù Îñ íJêWö6­%ú ®<³pñáh΃ ¦‡=§(¨a ­ò §d÷ ¹Ê<í Çòôó §ì }© ñ YG§Á[õ [[“¦ È ð
åYY…ç •aÈ ’v»u§(ÍH®“Îh®†¬¸ –"È j`n± –©%® º¶gÈ ½)ï ò ò ì ¶øö÷ï“ð
î«ö3ø ó 6í y'<îö¶
ð u ó yí ó ƒ ó<ò Êøö«÷ï‡î ò íy…ù 'î ó ð
¥µö6ú í ö ¤ ¢
í ¹…<ù<È ü ¸a¸a»uª«´H¬“^º ŸÌ§(ª«³u§áhÎ
¦‡§(¨a­§ñ ¹ÊÇs §©K.cò cs ‡È
åYnrçÈ&Ÿ[©»uÍHÐh­oÎÈR´nº'®<¬*Î*¦È¦“¹½®†³u³µ§6áhÎ,•“ÈRj`´†º
©«©»uª(Îm®<¬a¸ –"È ‘3©´m®†Ðaº ‹ ®r©«­¹½®<¬*È Ü »u¬‡²“äĦ‡§(±(²“º
©»p­J±
á j`´‡¸a²a³µ§ª J-–v§(¬a§©%®<³¦‡§(±(²a©»p­JáZ¦‡²:¨a¨´<©«­
À‰´<©­Ð:§ Ü »u¬‡²a¾ä ‘¶§©¬:§(³yÈê@¿
¬ †í °*ø ¦ wë ©
øö÷ï‡î ò íyù"ø:ù†}ú ó<ñò ï“ú"Γ¦“®<¬ Q ©%®<¬as ±(»uª«±(´aOÎ '®<³u»pº
À‰´<©¬:»µ®‡Î ü ²aÍH²aª¯­-cc‡È
åYoý†ç]e"ÈÀÐ:®<¬aÍaÎ ‹ Ȓv»u¬*Î Ü È ü ³ à »uª«»ôΟ È Ü §(§HÎ
®†¬¸ ¦-È ‘ÄÈ è ®<´“È ‹ §­§©´<ÍH§(¬a§(²:ªÂþ§­”ºU´<©«º
—‡»u¬:OÍ J ü þv§º ¦“²“© à » à ®<Ça»u³µ»p­Já ®r©%®H¸a»uÍH¹ ê@¬
Á »»=Ây ó î r†ñ saó ó ìÃwöy ñ ö«÷ï‡î ò íyùÄO<îHð
ò <ú ñ Îaþv?§ º¿j`§6äa»u±(´“Î:.ccOY<È