1. England in the XV-XVI -Humanism

INDEX
1. England in the XV-XVI
-Humanism
-Renaissance
2. Shakespeare. Biography
3. Works
4. Romeo & Juliet summary
4.1.Scenes
4.2.Characters
5. Bibliography
Paula Andreu Sánchez 2ºC
Isabel Garrido Cantos 2ºE
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1.England in the XV-XVI
-Humanism
It began in Italy in the XIV century
when the pioneer was Petrarch (13041374) and it reached its power stimulated
by recovering the manuscripts lost after
the fall of Constantinople. The first time
it was located in England was in the XVI
century.
Humanist architecture
Characteristics:
-New kind of critical power.
-One thousand years ago the Church had the literature and it collected
Latin and Greek culture for their own uses, and it also had influence in
movements of thoughts, in the religious orders and universities.
Humanists began by criticizing and evaluating Latin and Greek
authors.
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Consequences:
-
Rediscovered of lots of ancient Latin and Greek works
-
Establishment of new values of scholarship come from Latin and Greek
culture.
-Renaissance
R
enaissance derived from Latin “Renascentia”. It
was used by Italian scholars in the middle of 16th
century to express the rediscovery of the ancient Latin and
Greek culture. Modern scholars prefer using the therm to
express a great variety of interpendent changes that affected
Europe politically, culturally and economically (1450-1600).
In religion, that therm means Reformation and CounterReformation. In England the Renaissance starts with the accession of the House of
Tudor to the throne (1485).
1.
Politically this marks the end of the final period of the Civil War
among the old feudal aristocracy (the War of the Roses) in the middle
of 15th century. The stablishment of a modern state efficient and
centralized.
2.
Technically, the date is close to the introduction of printing into
England.
3.
Culturally the first most important period in England was the reign of
the second monarch Tudor, Henry VIII.
4.
It´s artistic rather than philosophical or intellectual or scholarly.
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5.
Coinciding the Renaissance and Reformation in England in contrast to
the rest of Europe. The Renaissance arose from the Reformation.
In the English Renaissance literature underline: Christopher Marlowe,
Ben Jonson, William Shakespeare. Non-dramatic poetry: Edmund Spencer,
Philip Sidney and John Donne.
2.Shakespeare. Biography.
E
nglish dramatist and poet was born in Stratford-on-Avon. He is
considered the greatest playwright in the Renaissance.
In 1582 Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, who was pregnant at the time
of the marriage. They had three children: Susan, and twins Hamnet and Judith.
He began as a playwright in London in 1592, and was known for his work
about Roman comedy. In 1594 he became a professional actor and playwright. At the
end of his career in London, Shakespeare was not a wealthy man but he had enough
money to buy New Place in Stratford, which later became his home when he retired
in 1613. He died in 1616. The chronology of his plays isn’t known.
His early plays include: “Henry VI”, “Richard III”,
“The Comedy of Errors”, “Titus Andronicus”, “The Taming of the Shrew”, “The Two
Gentlemen of Verona”, “Love's Labor's Lost”, and “Romeo and Juliet”.
His later plays include: “Richard II”, “A Midsummer Night's Dream”, “King
John”, “The Merchant of Venice”, “Henry IV”, “Much Ado About Nothing”, “Henry
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V”, “Julius Caesar”, “As You Like It”, and “Twelfth Night”, “Hamlet”, “Othello”,
“King Lear”, “Macbeth”, “Antony and Cleopatra”.
He mixed comedy and tragedy and created a new style in his works by
breaking the classical rules of drama. He was accused of corrupting the English
language.
3.Works
Comedy
All’s Well That Ends
Well – 1603
History
King Henry IV,
Part 1 - 1597
Tragedy
Anthony and
Cleopatra -1606
Poetry
A Lover’s Complaint
1591
The Passionate
A Midsummer Night’s King Henry IV
Coriolanus - 1608
Pilgrim
Dream - 1594
Part 1 - 1598
-1597
As You Like It
King Henry V
Hamlet, Prince of The Phoenix and the
- 1598
- 1599
Denmark - 1601
Turtle - 1601
King Henry VI
The Rape of Lucrece Cymbeline – 1609
Julius Caesar - 1599
Part 1 - 1592
1593
Love’s Labours Lost – King Henry VI,
The Sonnets – 1591 King Lear - 1605
1593
part 2 - 1591
1594
Measure for Measure – King Henry VI,
Venus and Adinis Macbeth - 1605
1604
part 3 - 1591
1592
Much Ado About
King Henry VIII
Othello, Moor of Funeral Elegy by W.
Nothing - 1599
- 1613
Vence - 1604
Shakespeare
Pericles, Prince of Tyre
King John - 1596 Romeo & Juliet - 1595
- 1607
King Richard III The Comedy of Errors
Timon of Athens 1592
– 1590
1606
The Merchant of Vence King Richard II - Titus Andronicus – 1596
1595
1590
The Merry Wives of
Windsor - 1597
The Taming of the
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Shrew - 1591
The Tempest - 1611
The Two Gentlemen of
Verona - 1593
Troilus and Crecida –
1602
Twelfth Night (What
you will) - 1600
Winter’s Tale - 1610
4. Romeo And Juliet. Summary
There were two families;
Montagues and Capulets. The had been rivals for a long
time, and something very tragic had to happened to make it
change.
This the story of two young adolescents whose love
was impossible.
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In an Italian city called Verona there were two families that were
famous because of their quarrels: Montagues and Capulets.
Montague’s son , called Romeo was the heir of the family. He suffered because
of Rosaline had rejected him to be chaste forever. So Romeo spent all day crying for
her love. His friends, worried about him, decided to take him to a party in Capulet’s.
In this way Romeo maybe would forget Rosaline by seeing other beauties from
Verona.
Once they were there Romeo’s eyes started to gaze at the most beautiful,
charming and elegant criature he had never seen before.
Although he didn’t know her, he fell in love with her so deeply that he forgot
Rosaline and now he only had eyes for his new love.
He went where she was standing and began to talk to her in a sweet and
tender way that she couldn’t do anything but just look at his eyes and wish that
moment never had ended.
It was about midnight and the party was
nearly ended. Suddenly Juliet was called by her
nurse; her mother was looking for her. After that
Romeo found out that he had fallen in love with his
enemy’s daughter. Her name was Juliet Capulet.
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Both of them didn’t care about their names and when the party was
over and Juliet was still thinking about the lad she had known that night,
Romeo was looking for somewhere to see her again. In this way Romeo found
Juliet’s bedroom’s balcony. There, he confessed his love for her. They were
talking about their feelings until the nurse called Juliet to go to bed.
Before going in, Juliet told Romeo that the next day she would send a
messenger to him to talk about their wedding.
Friar Laurence (who was Romeo’s friend) married them in secret but the
happiness of the young couple decreased because of the quarrels between their
families.
One of the following days Romeo was with Merutio and Benvolio. Suddenly
Tybalt (Juliet’s cousin) appeared and began to fight against Mercutio. In of those
times Tybalt killed Mercutio. Romeo, furious, killed him.
As a consequence, Romeo was exiled and left his wife.
Juliet didn’t understand why the destiny insisted on torture her by filling her
life with misfortunes and sadness. She felt impotence seeing that her cousin had been
killed by her husband and therefore he had been exiled.
The nurse went to look for Romeo and she found him with the Friar Laurence.
During that time, Lady Capulet went to talk to her daughter to make her know that
her father wanted to marry her with Paris, a noble gentleman who was in love with
her, in the following two days (on Thursday)
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She wasn’t in agreement with her parents and made them know it. After that,
she went to make confession to the friar Laurence. He gave her a false poison, whose
effects would simulate her to be dead. She should take it before going to bed on
Wednesday night.
On Thursday morning, when the nurse went to wake her up she realized that
Juliet had died. She was lying on the bed, immobile and cold. Romeo’s should have
been warned about Juliet’s false death, but the messenger who was supposed to give
Romeo a letter telling the details of the plan and couldn’t give it to him.
When Romeo heard about Juliet’s death he went to the church where her body
rested. He realized that there was no point in living without the one he loved, and
after talking to the body that he considered dead, took a poison he had already
bought and died next to Juliet. In a few seconds Juliet woke up finding out that
Romeo was by her side, but he was dead.
The pain was so strong that Juliet took a dagger, stabbed herself and fell.
After that, the two families, Montagues and
Capulets were called to make them know what had
happened. When they appeared they saw what they
had got with their stupid quarrels.
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Finally the gave each other the hand. In this way, the most tragic love story
finished.
Several different editions of Romeo and Juliet
4.1. Scenes
Act I
Act II
Act III
Act IV
Act V
Scene1
Scene1
Scene1
Scene1
Scene1
Verona. A
public place
A lane by the
wall of
Capulet’s
orchard
Scene2
A public place
Friar
Mantua. A
Laurence’s cell street
Scene2
Scene2
Scene2
A street
Capulet’s
orchard
Capulet’s
orchard
Friar
Laurence’s cell
Scene3
Scene3
Scene3
A hall in
Capulet’s
house
Scene3
A room in
Capulet’s
house
Friar
Friar
Juliet’s
Laurence’s cell Laurence’s cell chamber
Scene2
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Scene3
A churchyard;
in it a tomb
belonging to
the Capulets
Scene4
Scene4
Scene4
Scene4
A street
A street
Scene5
Scene5
A room in
Capulet’s
house
Scene5
A hall in
Capulet’s
house
Scene5
A hall in
Capulet’s
house
Capulet’s
orchard
Capulet’s
orchard
Juliet’s
chamber
Scene6
Friar
Laurence’s cell
4.2. Characters
- Escalus, prince of Verona
- Paris, a young nobleman, kinsman to the prince
- Montague, head of a Veronese family at feud with the Capulets
- Lady Montague
- Romeo, son of Montague
- Benvolio, nephew of Montague and friend of Romeo and Mercutio
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- Mercutio, kinsman to the prince a friend to Romeo
- Abram, servant to Montague
- Balthasar, servant to Romeo
- Capulet, head of a Veronese family at feud with the Montagues
- Lady Capulet
- Juliet, daughter of Capulet
- Tybalt, nephew of Lady Capulet
- Nurse of Juliet, her foster-mother
- Peter, servant of Capulet attending on the Nurse
- Sampson, Gregory, Anthony, Potpan, Servingmen, of the Capulets
household
- Friar Laurence, a Franciscan
- Friar John, a Franciscan. An apothecary of Mantua
- Three musicians
- Members of the Watch
- Citizens of Verona
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5. Bibliography
William Shakespeare “Romeo and Juliet” (The work)
http://www.geocities.com/hollywood /9251/rj1968.html (Photos)
http://www.xrefer.com/entry.jsp?xrefid=365559&secid=.- (Humanism)
http://www.xrefer.com/entry/366618 (Renaissance)
http://www.shakespeare.sk (Works)
http://www.shakespeare.sk/Tragedy/RomeoandJuliet_1595/RomeoandJuliet
_1595.html (Scenes)
http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/~gsd96efk/travelph.htm (Photos)
http://history.evansville.net/renaissa.html#ArtandArchitecture (Photos)
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